古代名医翻译Word文档格式.docx

古代名医翻译Word文档格式.docx

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Bianque

Bianque,whosesurnameisQinandoriginalgivennameisYueren，wasborninBohai（nowRenqiuCountryofHebeiProvince）intheperiodofSpringandAutumnandWarringStates（770-221BC）.Asachild,helearnedmedicinefromanoldfolkdoctor,ChangsangJun.HemasteredChangsangJun'

smethodofdiagnosisandtechniquesoftreatment,andbecamethemostfamousdoctorinhistime,anoutstandingrepresentativeinmedicineofthePre-QinPeriod（before221BC）.Hecoulddiagnosethediseaseaccurately,effectamiraculouscureandbringthedyingbacktolife，justlikethelegendarygodlydoctorBianque.Thus,peoplecalledhimBianquesimply.Byandby，hisrealname,QinYueren,wasevenforgottenbythepeople.

AfterBianquebecamefamous,hetouredallthekingdomstocurediseasesforthepeople,andhisareasoftreatmentoftenchangedinaccordancewiththelocalcondition.InHandan，heheardthatmostpatientswerewomen,soheworkedasa“daixiadoctor”（doctorspecializingingynecology）；

WhenhepassedLuoyang，hesawthatelderswerehighlyrevered,sohebecameadoctormainlytreatingoldpeople'

sdiseasessuchasthetroubleintheearortheeye；

WhenhereachedXianyang,helearnedthatthepeopleoftheQinKingdomregardedchildrenasimportant，sohebecameapediatrician.Inhispracticeofdiagnosis，hehadalreadyappliedthecomprehensivediagnostictechniquesoftraditionalChinesemedicine,namely,thefourdiagnosticmethods:

looking,listening,askingandpulse-feeling.“Looking”meanslookingattheappearanceandtonguefur,“listening”referstolisteningtothesoundofthepatient'

sspeechandbreath,“asking”referstoaskingaboutthepatient'

scondition,and“pulse-feeling”isjustintheliteralmeaning.AtBianque'

stime,hecalledthosetechniques“wangse（lookingatthecolor）,tingsheng（listeningtothesound）,xieying（takingthepicture）andqiemai（feelingthepulse）.Bianque'

swaysoftreatmentwerevaried，suchasacupuncture,adhibitionofmedicine,operation,medicinetakingandsoon.Later,theDayiling（royalofficerinchargeofmedicine）oftheQinKingdom,LiXi,enviedhim,andsentapersontokillhim.Butpeoplealwaysthinkofhimandlookuptohim.Untilnow，inmanyoftheplaceshehadbeento,therearememorialsitespreserved,suchas“NativePlaceofBianque”,“VillageofBianque”,“RelicofBianque”,“TempleofBianque”,“MountainofDoctorBianque”,etc.inHebei,Henan,Shandongandotherprovinces；

Ifsomedoctorhasahighskill，hewillbepraisedas“Bianquecomingtolifeagain”.

Bianquetaughtninedisciplesaltogetherinhislife,anditwasbecauseofthesedisciplesthathishighmedicalskillhasbeenhandeddown.TilltheHanDynasty（206B.C.-220AD）,whatwereleftofhisworksincludedninevolumesofInternalCanonofMedicine,twelvevolumesofExternalCanonofMedicine,andthirteenvolumesofBianque’sPrescriptionsApprovedbyFirstYellowEmperor,etc.TheextantmedicalbookoftheHanDynasty,CanonofMedicineofDifficultDiseases,isaworkcompiledonthebasisofBianque'

smedicalskill,especiallyhisknowledgeonpulsetaking.ManyofthebasictheoriesofthetraditionalChinesemedicine,whichisstillplayingagreatroleinthehealthserviceofmankind,arecloselyrelatedtoBianque.

ChaoYuanfang

ChaoYuanfanglivedinaperiodfromtheendoftheSuiDynasty（581-618）tothebeginningoftheTangDynasty（618-907）.Neitherhisnativeplacenorhisdatesofbirthanddeathareknowntous.Accordingtoalegend,hewasfromXihua.ChaoYuanfangwasmostactiveduringtheDayePeriodoftheSuiDynasty（581-618）,whenheworkedasanimperialphysician,andmademanybrilliantachievements.However,inthebookHistoryoftheSuiDynasty,thereisnorecordonDoctorChao.OnlyinthenovelStoryoftheGreatCanalisthereaparagraphofrecordonhim.Itissaid,intheAugustofthefifthyearofDayePeriodoftheSuiDynasty,thegeneralsuperintendentoftheprojectoftheGreatCanalgotadiseasecalled“fengnizheng”（somethinglikerheumatism）,andEmperorYangorderedtheministerofimperialmedicalaffairs,ChaoYuanfang,totreatthesuperintendent,andthelattergotcured.AlthoughChaoYuanfang'

slifestoryislittleknowntousbecauseoflackofhistoricalrecord,yet,hisgreatcontributiontothe5,000-yearcivilizationoftheChinesenationwillbeeverrememberedintheannalsofhistoryowingtothemonumentalworkofetiologyoftraditionalChinesemedicine,ZhuBingYuanHouLun（OnCausesandSymptomsofDiseases）,compiledunderhisleadership,forwhichherackedhisbrains.

IntheSuiDynasty，Chinaestablishedtheearliest“MinistryofImperialPhysicians”formedicaleducation,whichwasalsotheearliestrecordedlarge-scaledofficialinstitutionofmedicaleducationinthehistoryofcivilizationoftheworld.TheroyalcourtalsoorganizedscholarswithinthecountrytocollectdataoftraditionalChinesemedicineextensively,chieflybeingtheprescriptionsandprovedrecipesofalldynasties.Thehuge2600-volumebookofrecipes,SihaiLeijuFang（CollectionofRecipesoftheWholeCountry）wascompiledandfinishedinthatperiod.ThefirstmonographonpathogenicsymptomatologyinChina,OnCausesandSymptomsofDiseases,compiledinthechargeofChaoYuanfangattheroyalorder,cameintobeingjustinthatsocialbackground.ItisthefirsthugeworkinthehistoryofdevelopmentofChinesemedicinewhichexpoundsthecausativefactors,symptomsandclassificationofdiseasessystematically,scientificallyandthoroughly.OnCausesandSymptomsofDiseaseswasalsocalledChaoshiBingyuan（CausesofDiseasesbyDoctorChao）,whichshowsthatChaoYuanfang'

scontributiontothepublicationofthegreatbookissoimportantandeminent.Thewholebookisin50volumes;

thecausesandsymptomsofdiseasesareclassifiedinto67kinds,andthereare1720entriesofmonographicwritingaltogetherinthebook.Everyentryofmonographwritingincludesthecausativefactorsofthedisease,itspathology,anditssymptoms.Aftereachentry,therearesomewaysoftreatmentattached,butthereisnolistofrecipesasinbooksofrecipesofalltimes,toshowthatthehugeworkismeantspeciallyforprobingintothe“causes”and“symptoms”ofallkindsofdiseases.ThepublicationofOnCausesandSymptomsofDiseasesmarkedthesystematicestablishmentofthetheoryofetiologyandsymptomscienceoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Assomeonecommented,it“gathersallexcellenttheories,carriesoutin-depthstudy,discussesallkindsofdiagnosisandtreatment,servingasanmedicalencyclopedia”.ManyofthefamousworksofChinesemedicinetakethisbookastheirtheoreticalbasisintheirdiscussionandanalysesoncausesandsymptomsofdiseases,suchasQianJinYaoFang（GoldenMajorRecipes）andQianJinYiFang（GoldenMinorRecipes）bySunSimiaooftheTangDynasty,WaiTaiMiYao（SecretWaysofTreatment）compiledbyWangTaooftheTangDynasty,thegreatbookofprescriptionsoftheSongDynasty,TaipingHuiFang（BestRecipesofTaiping）,andsoon.

ChunyuYi

ChunyuYiwasfromLinzioftheWesternHanDynasty.Hewasbornin205B.C.,buttheyearofhisdeathisunknown.AsheonceworkedasaTaicangZhang（anofficialinchargeoftaxesandsalary）,healsohadthehonorarytitleof“TaicangGong”（Mr.Taicang）,simplyas“CangGong”.

Hewasmodestandstudious,especiallygoodatcreativelearningandapplying.ChunyuYiwasborntoafamilyofgenteelpoverty.Asachild,helikedtoreadmedicalbooksandtreatpatients,buthistreatmenthadnoeffect.Then,hetookthefamousdoctorGongsunGuanginZichuanashisteacher.GongsunGuanglikedhismodestyandstudiousnessverymuch,soheregardedChunyuYihighly,thus,hetaughtallhisgoodandmiraculousprescriptionstoChunyuYiwithoutreserve.Soonafter，GongsunGuangfoundthathehadnothingtoteachChunyuYi,andhepredictedthatChunyuYiwouldbecomeanational-leveledfamousdoctorforsure.Inordertolethimreceivefurthereducation，GongsunGuangrecommendedthatheshouldtakeGongsunYangqing,ayoungerbrotherofGongsunGuang,ashisteacher.GongsunYangqingwasalreadyinhis70'

satthattime.HealsoappreciatedChunyuYi'

smodestyanddesiretoadvance,soheexplainedallthesecretbooksandancientprescriptionshehadcollectedtoChunyuYiindetail.Inthesecondyearafterfinishinghisapprenticeship,ChunyuYibegantopracticemedicine,andthreeyearslater，hebecameanoteddoctor.ChunyuYiswottedatclassicalmedicalbooks，andcouldrecitethematrandom，butwhenhetreatedhispatients,hewoulddoaccordingtotheactualcondition,andneverappliedthebookknowledgemechanically.AdoctorofthekingoftheQiKingdomcalledSui,wasill,andtooktheWushiSan（PowderofFiveStones）preparedbyhimself,buthisillnessworsened,soheturnedtoChunyuYiforhelp.Aftercarefulfeelingofhispulse,ChunyuYisaid,“Thediseaseyougotisinternalfever,anddrugstoneisastrongmedicine,soitwillcauseyoururinetobeobstructedanddeteriorateyourdisease.Pleasenevertakeitagain.”Suididnotagree,andsnappedbackwithanexample：

“Bianquesaid，’astoneofthenegativenaturewillcureadiseaseofthepositivenaturewhileastoneofthepositivenaturewillcureadiseaseofthenegativenature.”ChunyuYisaidwithasmile：

“Whatyousaidmaybeplausible.AlthoughBianquesaidso，intreatmentofadisease,youmustmakecarefulstudyontheconditionoftheillnessincombinationwithmedicaltheoryandtherapy,andchoosemedicinesaccordingtothepatient'

sphysiqueandstateofillness,thenyoucangetanidealeffect.”Andhepredicted,ifSuistucktohisway,acarbunclewould