轮机英语 Marine Engineering EnglishWord格式.docx

轮机英语 Marine Engineering EnglishWord格式.docx

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1.1Shipsandmachinery（章标题）3

1.2Dieselengine9

1.3Shaftandpropellers46

2Marineauxiliarymachinery55

2.1boilers55

2.2Pumps55

2.3Refrigeration,airconditioningandventilation55

2.4Pollutionpreventiondevices55

2.5Centrifugalseparatorandfreshwatergenerator55

2.6Deckmachinery55

3Electricalequipmentandautomaticcontrol56

3.1Alternatingcurrentgenerators56

3.2Mainswitchboardanddistributionsystem56

3.3Marineelectricalequipment56

3.4Marineautomaticcontrol56

4Watchkeepingandequipmentoperation57

4.1operationprocedures57

4.2Safetyoperation57

4.3Storesandspareparts57

4.4Shipprepairanddocking57

4.5PollutionpreventionoperationandPortStateControl57

5Internationalconventionsandregulations58

5.1STCW58

5.2MAPROL58

5.3SOLAS58

5.4ISM58

5.5ISPS58

6Marinebusinesswriting59

6.1Enginelogbook59

6.2Repairlist59

6.3Storeorderandsparepartsrequisitionform59

6.4Accidentreport59

6.5Engineer’sreports,letters,faxesandemails59

Index60

格式说明61

1Mainpropulsionplant

Asanintroductiontomarineengineering,wemightreasonablybeginbytakinganoveralllookattheship.Thevariousdutiesofamarineengineerallrelatetotheoperationoftheshipinasafe,reliable,efficientandeconomicmanner.Themainpropulsionmachineryinstalledwillinfluencethemachinerylayoutanddeterminetheequipmentandauxiliariesinstalled.Thiswillfurtherdeterminetheoperationalandmaintenancerequirementsfortheshipandthustheknowledgerequiredandthedutiestobeperformedbythemarineengineer.

1.1Shipsandmachinery

Ships

Shipsarelarge,complexvehicleswhichmustbeself-sustainingintheirenvironmentforlongperiodswithahighdegreeofreliability.Ashipistheproductoftwomainareasofskill,thoseofthenavalarchitectandthemarineengineer.Thenavalarchitectisconcernedwiththehull,itsconstruction,form,habitabilityandabilitytoendureitsenvironment.Themarineengineerisresponsibleforthevarioussystemswhichpropelandoperatetheship.Morespecifically,thismeansthemachineryrequiredforpropulsion,steering,anchoringandshipsecuring,cargohandling,airconditioning,powergenerationanditsdistribution.Someoverlapinresponsibilitiesoccursbetweennavalarchitectsandmarineengineersinareassuchaspropellerdesign,thereductionofnoiseandvibrationintheship’sstructure,andengineeringservicesprovidedtoconsiderableareasoftheship.

Ashipmightreasonablybedividedintothreedistinctareas:

thecargo-carryingholdsortanks,theaccommodationandthemachineryspace.Dependinguponthetypeeachshipwillassumevaryingproportionsandfunctions.Anoiltanker,forinstance,willhavethecargo-carryingregiondividedintotanksbytwolongitudinalbulkheadsandseveraltransversebulkheads.Therewillbeconsiderablequantitiesofcargopipingbothaboveandbelowdecks.Thegeneralcargoshipwillhavevariouscargoholdswhichareusuallythefullwidthofthevesselandformedbytransversebulkheadsalongtheship’slength.Cargohandlingequipmentwillbearrangedondeckandtherewillbesufficienttomeettherequirementsfortheship’screw,provideanavigatingbridgeareaandacommunicationscentre.Themachineryspacesizewillbedecidedbytheparticularmachineryinstalledandtheauxiliaryequipmentnecessary.Apassengership,however,wouldhavealargeaccommodationarea,sincethismightbeconsideredthe‘cargospace’.Machineryspacerequirementswillprobablybelargerbecauseofairconditioningequipment,stabilizersandotherpassengerrelatedequipment.

Machinery

Arrangement

Threeprincipaltypesofmachineryinstallationaretobefoundatseatoday.Theirindividualmeritschangewithtechnologicaladvancesandimprovementsandeconomicfactorssuchasthechangeinoilprices.Itisintendedthereforeonlytodescribethelayoutsfromanengineeringpointofview.Thethreelayoutsinvolvetheuseofdirect-coupledslow-speeddieselengines,medium-speeddieselswithagearbox,andthesteamturbinewithagearboxdrivetothepropeller.

Apropeller,inordertooperateefficiently,mustrotateatarelativelylowspeed.Thus,regardlessoftherotationalspeedoftheprimemover,thepropellershaftmustrotateatabout80to100rev/min.Theslow-speeddieselenginerotatesatthislowspeedandthecrankshaftisthusdirectlycoupledtothepropellershafting.Temedium-speeddieselengineoperatesintherange250-750rev/minandcannotthereforebedirectlycoupledtothepropellershaft.Thesteamturbinerotatesataveryhighspeed,intheorderof6000rev/min.Again,agearboxmustbeusedtoprovidealow-speeddriveforthepropellershaft.

Slow-speeddiesel

AcutawaydrawingofacompleteshipissowninFigure1.1.1.Here,inadditiontothemachineryspace,canbeseenthestructureofthehull,thecargotankareastogetherwiththecargopipingandthedeckmachinery.Thecompact,complicatednatureofthemachineryinstallationcanclearlybeseen,withthetwomajoritemsbeingthemainengineandthecargoheatingboilers.

Figure1.1.1Cutawaydrawingofaship

Figure1.1.2Slow-speeddieselmachineryarrangement

Themoreusualplanandelevationdrawingsofatypicalslow-speeddieselinstallationareshowninFigure1.1.2.

Asix-cylinderdirect-drivedieselengineisshowninthismachineryarrangement.Theonlyauxiliariesvisibleareadieselgeneratorontheupperflatandanaircompressorbelow.Otherauxiliarieswithinthemachineryspacewouldincludeadditionalgenerators,anoily-waterseparator,anevaporatornumerouspumpsandheatexchangers.Anauxiliaryboilerandanexhaustgasheatexchangerwouldbelocatedintheuptakeregionleadingtothefunnel.Variousworkshopsandstoresandthemachinerycontrolroomwillalsobefoundontheupperflats.

Gearedmedium-speeddiesel

Fourmedium-speed（500rev/min）dieselsareusedinthemachinerylayoutoftherailferryshowninFigure1.1.3thegearunitsprovideatwin-screwdriveat170rev/mintocontrollable-pitchpropellers.Thegearunitsalsopowertake-offsforshaft-drivengeneratorswhichprovideallpowerrequirementswhileatsea.

Thevariouspumpsandotherauxiliariesarearrangedatfloorplatelevelinthisminimum-heightmachineryspace.Theexhaustgasboilersanduptakesarelocatedportandstarboardagainstthesideshellplating.

Figure1.1.3Medium-speeddieselmachineryarrangement

Aseparategeneratorroomhousesthreedieselgeneratorunits,awastecombustionplantandotherauxiliaries.Themachinerycontrolroomisattheforwardendofthisroom.

Steamturbine

Twincross-compoundedsteamturbinesareusedinthemachinerylayoutofthecontainership,showninFigure1.1.4.Onlypartplansandsectionsaregivensincethereisaconsiderabledegreeofsymmetryinthelayout.Eachturbinesetdrives,throughadoublereductiongearboxwithseparatethrustblock,itsownfixed-pitchpropeller.Thecondensersarelocatedbeneatheachlow-pressureturbineandarearrangedforscoopcirculationatfullpoweroperationandaxialpumpcirculationwhenmaneuvering.

Atthefloorplatelevelaroundthemainmachineryarelocatedvariousmainengineandship’sservicespumps,anauxiliaryoil-firedboilerandasewageplant.Threedieselalternatorsarelocatedaftbehindanacousticscreen.

The8.5mflathousesaturbo-alternatoreachsideandalsotheforced-draughtfansforthemainboilers.Themainboilerfeedpumpsandotherboilersoccupytheafterendofthisflatandarearrangedforrooffiring.Twodistillationplantsarelocatedforwardandthedomesticwatersupplyunitsarelocatedaft.

Thecontrolroomislocatedforwardofthe12.3mflatandcontainsthemainandauxiliarymachineryconsoles.Themainswitchboardandgroupstarterboardsarelocatedforwardoftheconsole,whichfacesintothemachineryspace.

Onthe16.2mflatisthecombustioncontrolequipmentforeachboilerwithalocaldisplaypanel,althoughcontrolisfromthemaincontrolroom.Theboilerfuelheatingandpumpingmoduleisalsolocatedhere.Thede-aeratorislocatedhighupinthecasingandsilencersforthedieselalternatorsareinthefunnelcasing.

Figure1.1.4Steamturbinemachineryarrangement

1Mainboiler

2FDfan

3Mainfeedpump

4Turbo-alternator

7SW-cooledevaporator

10Hotwatercalorifier

11FWpressuretank

12Mainturbines

13Maingearbox

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4Thrustblock

15MainSWcircpump

16Maincondenser

17Bilge/ballastpump

19Drainstankextractionpump

21Turboalternatorpump

22LOcooler

24LObypassfilterandpumps

26LOpumps

28Firepump

29Auxiliaryboiler

30Auxiliaryboiler

31HFOtransferpumpmodule

32HFOservicepumps

33Dieseloiltransferpump

34Dieselalternator

35Dieselalternatorcontrols

40Condensatede-oiler

41Refrigerantcirculationpump

42Oilybilgepump

43Steam/airheater

Operationandmaintenance

Theresponsibilitiesofthemarineengineerarerarelyconfinedtothemachineryspace.Differentcompanieshavedifferentpractices,butusuallyallshipboardmachinery,withtheexceptionofradioequipment,ismaintainedbythemarineengineer.Electricalengineersmaybecarriedonverylargeships,butifnot,theelectricalequipmentisalsomaintainedbytheengineer.

Abroad-basedtheoreticalandpracticaltrainingisthereforenecessaryforamarineengineer.Hemustbeamechanical,electrical,airconditioning,ventilationandrefrigerationengineer,astheneedarises.Unlikehissh