Wwrtlf托福独立写作jspWord下载.docx

Wwrtlf托福独立写作jspWord下载.docx

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四、中国学生的问题

（1）没有一个规范的结构

（2）遗漏了题目中的问题，或对问题没有认真的分析（跑题）

（3）没有进行深层次的解释（无话可写）

（4）不会用英文表达（语言和结构错误）

（5）没做好段落内和段落间的衔接

附：

常见衔接词

1.增补（Addition）

inaddition,furthermore,again,also,besides,moreover,what`smore,similarly,next,finally.

2.比较（Comparison）

inthesameway,likewise,similarly,equally,incomparison,justas

3.对照（Contrast）

whereas,incontrast,ontheotherhand,instead,however,nevertheless,unlike,eventhough,onthecontrary,while

4.因果（Causeandeffect）

because,becauseof,for,since,dueto,owingto,thanksto,asaresult（of）,accordingly,hence,so,thus

5.强调（Emphasis）

certainly,aboveall,indeed,ofcourse,surely,actually,asamatteroffact,chiefly,especially,primarily,inparticular,undoubtedly,absolutely,mostimportant

6.让步（Concession）

although,though,afterall,inspiteof,nevertheless,still,provided,whileitistrue....

7.例证（Exemplification）

forexample,forinstance,thatis,namely,suchas,inotherwords,inthiscase,bywayofillustration.

8.总结（Conclusion）

tosumup,toconclude,inaword,inshort,inbrief,allinall,inall,toputitinanutshell,insummary

9.推断（Inference）

therefore,asaresult（of）,consequently,accordingly,so,otherwise

10.时间和空间（Timeandspace）

afterward,after,first,later,then,soon,outside,near,beyound,above,below,ontheright（left）,inthemiddle,opposite,infrontof

启

Aproverbsays......Atpresent.......

Astheproverbsays....Currently.....

Generallyspeaking,....Now,....

Ingeneral,.....OntheWhole....

Itisclearthat....Recently.....

Itisoftensaidthat....Withoutdoubt,.......

承

First（ofall）,......Moreover,.........

Firstly,............Noonecandenythat....

Inthefirstplace,.........Obviously.....

Tobeginwith,.........Ofcourse,.........

Also,.......Similarly,.........

Atthesametime......Therefore,weshouldrealizethat.....

Certainly......Thereisnodoubtthat.......

Inaddition,.....What`smore,..........

Infact........Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat... 

Meanwhile......

转

But...Still,......

Buttheproblemisnotsosimple... 

Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto.......

However,.......Tooursurprise,..........

Nevertheless,........Unfortunately.......

Ontheotherhand,....... 

YetdifferencewillbefoundandthatiswhyIfeelthat........

Othersmayfindthistobetrue,butIdonot.Ithink.....

合

Aboveall,Inbrief,........

Accordingly,.....Inconclusion,........

Allinall,....... 

Inotherwords,itishardtoescapetheconclusionthat........

Asaconsequence,.........Inshort,.........

AsIhaveshown/said/stated/....Insum,........

Insummary,.......Ashasbeennoted,....

Obviously,.........Bysodoing,.....

Onthewhole,.....Consequently,........

Presumably,.......Eventually,.........

Toconclude,......Finally,........

Tosumup,.....Inaword,......

Tosummarize,........

五、语言的基础（怎么写句子）

写作的句子

一、英文中句子的概念及类别

A、简单句（带with引导的伴随状语）

With后面接复合宾语的结构，在句子中做状语

（1）with+名词+形容词或副词

Heusedtosleepwithallwindowsopen

Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull

WithCarmenaway,we’vegotmoreroom.

（2）with+名词+介词短语

Withmake—uponherface,shelooksasifshewereaprincess

（3）with+名词+分词

Sheranintotheroomwithherfacecoveredwithtears.

Shewaswearinganeveningdress,withherhandsrestingonherhips.

B、并列句

C、从句

D、复合句

二、从句

A、主语从句（It引导的主语从句）

（1）itis+adj+that

itisimpossiblethatitisevidentthatitisnecessarythatitisnaturalthat

itisgoodthatitistruethatitislikelythatitisdoubtfulthatitissatisfactorythat

itisessentialthat（……是必不可少的）itisconceivablethat（……..是可以想象的）itisnotablethatitiscertainthatitisreasonablethatitisinappropriatethat

（2）it+不及物动词+that

itseemsthatitsoundsthatithappensthat（恰好）itturnsoutthat（结果是）itfollowsthat（由此可见）

itmaybethatitstandstoreasonthat……是有道理的

（3）itis+名词+that

itisafactthatitisnowonderthat（……难怪）itisagoodthingthatitisapitythat

itisnousethatitisnoharm/goodthatitisacommonknowledgethat（众所周知）

（4）itis+动词的过去分词+that

itissaidthatitisknownthatitisthoughtthatitisbelievedthatitisacceptedthat

itisfoundthatitisreportedthatitisunderstoodthat（不用说）itispointedoutthat

itisproposedthatitisdeclaredthatitisestimatedthatitisclaimedthatitisstressedthat

itisexpectedthatitispredictedthatitishopedthatithasbeenillustratedthatithasbeenobjectedthatitcanbeseenthatitmustbeadmittedthatitcannotbedeniedthat

B、宾语从句

C、定语从句（关系词）

D、状语从句（状语从句的连词）

（1）时间everytimehardly……when……

nosooner…….than……themoment

（2）原因sinceasfor

（3）条件ifso（as）longasunless

（4）比较asif

（5）目的sothatinorderthatlestwemustbehurrylestweshouldmissthebus

（6）结果

（7）让步thoughalthoughevenifdespiteinspiteofasnowthatwhatevernomatterhow

Asfaras

E、同位语从句

三、倒装句

Notintheleastisheinterestedindance.

NotforaninstantdidIbelievehehadlied.

Innosenseisheagentleman

Onnoaccountmustyouleavemealone

Innocasebynomeansonnocondition

四、强调句

Itis…….that……

Itisnotuntil

非谓语结构

动名词

现在分词

过去分词

不定式

六、如何写作

1、写开头

开头包括（写作意图、背景简介、观点的总概），开头不要太长，总的来说开头要“开门见山），不要太多细节，不要重复题目

1、question+answer+position

why,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?

Because…….

Whydosetheideaofprogressloomsolargeinthemodernworld?

Surelybecauseprogressofaparticularkindisactuallytakingplacearoundusandisbecomingmoreandmoremanifest.

2、statingconflictviews+position

IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeoplesoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidn’tknowfromtheconcreteexamplesthatinternationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhatred,onecoulddeduceitfromgeneralprinciples.

Walkingforwalking’ssakemaybeashighlylaudableandexemplaryathingasitisheldtobebythosewhopracticeit.Myobjectiontoitisthatitstopsthebrain.

3、Backgrounddescription+position（最常用型）

Whenitcomesto...,somethink...

Thereisapublicdebatetodaythat...

Aisacommonwayof...,butisitawiseone?

Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocusthat……..

Asthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyaccelerates……….

Theever—changingsocietycreatesopportunitiesforyoungflierstochangetheirjobsconstantly.

Sportsenrichstudents’campuslifeandenergizetheirphysiques.Facedwithimmensepressurefromworkandstudy,moreandmorepeoplebegintorealizetheimportanceofphysicaltraining.However,………..

4、Quotation+position

Wherethereisawillthereistheway.

5Roadmap:

hints（常用于why型）

Twofactorsweighheavilyagainsttheeffectivenessofscientificresearchinindustry.Oneisthegeneralatmosphereofsecrecyinwhichitiscarriedout,theotherthelackoffreedomoftheindividualresearchworker

开头的模版

AorB

SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.Others,however,contradictA.personally,Iwouldprefer（）becauseIthink（）hasmoreadvantages.

Asstudents,wealwaysfacethecircumstances:

AorB.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesonbothsides.Accordingtomypersonalityandfondness,Iwouldprefer（）ratherthan（）.

COMPARE&

CONTRAST

Somepeoplebelievethat（）.otherpeopletaketheviewthat（）.Whilebothmethodsmayhavetheirmeritsanddemerits,theycanbeappliedunderdifferentcircumstances.Afterwards,Iwillexplainmyopinion.

IcompletelydisagreewiththisstatementthatchoosingAhasmoreadvantagesthanchoosingB.andIwouldliketopresenttwoexplanationstoconfirmyouthatIamright.

AGREEorDISAGREE

Thisproblemismuchdebatedoneinthatitaffectseverybodyintheirdailylives.Peoplemaypreferonetoanother,althoughsomehavenoopinionaboutit.ButifIamconcerned,Icanonlydisagreewiththetitlestatementandthereasonsaregivenbelow.

Idostronglysupporttheideathat（）.Isupportwiththefollowingreasons.

CHOICE&

EXPLANATION

Howtodo（）?

WhetherthetraditionalmethodssuchasA,BandsoonorthemodernmethodslikeCandD.whichyoupreferdependsonyourownexperience,lifestyleandemotionalconcern.Iprefer（）mostinmypointofview.TherearethreeadvantagesofCasfollows.

2、写主体段（一般三个段落）

段落的构成：

主题句（topicsentence）和支持句（supportingsentences）,其中支持句的的来源可以是：

事例、假设、解释、名人名言、谚语、数据。

事例是最好的选择。

Examples:

Nuclearpowerisfartoodangerous.Therefore,countiesshouldbanitsuseandconcentrate,instead,ondevelopingalternativesourcesofenergysuchashydroelectricpower,windpowerandsolarenergy.Whataboutyouropinion?

A

Topicsentence:

Oneofthemainbenefitsofnuclearpoweristhatitdoesn’tusenaturalresourcessuchascoa