最全初中英语语法之被动语态Word文档下载推荐.docx
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其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"
be+过去分词"
部分不变。
Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。
(一般过去时)
Cantablesbemadeofstone?
桌子能用石头制造吗?
(疑问句)
三、主动语态变为被动语态
转换图示:
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:
注意:
如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。
Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.
(2)将动词改为"
。
Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
(3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:
含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。
但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.
Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.
四.被动语态的基本用法
1.需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态。
Magazinesandnewspapersinthereading-roommustn'
tbetakenaway.
阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。
2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,应使用被动语态。
HewaswoundedmanytimesduringtheAnti--JapaneseWar.
他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。
Theproblemhastobedealtwithrightnow.
这个问题必须马上处理。
3.当说话人需要强调客观时,用被动语态。
Itissaidthatthetemperaturetomorrowwillbe40℃.
据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。
Itishopedthattheywillbesuccessful.
希望她们会获得成功。
特别记住:
这一类用法的句型还有:
Itisbelievedthat...据信,大家相信
Itisknownthat...众所周知
Itissupposedthat...大家认为
Itissuggestedthat...据建议,有人建议
Itmustberememberedthat...务必记住
Itistakenforgrantedthat...……被认为理所当然
五、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)
1.一般现在时(am/is/are+done)
Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。
2.一般过去时(was/were+done)
Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/shallbe+done;
would/shouldbe+done)
Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。
4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/is/arebeing+done;
was/werebeing+done)
Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时,机器正在被修理。
5.现在完成时(have/hasbeen+done)
Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。
6.过去完成时(hadbeen+done)
Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说已经被邀请参加晚
六、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:
1、 系动词无被动语态:
以主动形式表示被动之意
常见的系动词有:
①be动词
②……起来(7个):
look/seem/appear,feel(感觉,摸起来),sound,smell,taste
e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.
③(逐渐)变得/变成:
become,grow,get,turn,come,go
e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.
Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.
Thetreeisgrowingtall.
④保持:
keep,stay
e.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.
2、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take
3、不及物动词sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
、Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.(×
)昨天发生了一起事故。
Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.
、Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。
、Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。
、Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。
、Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。
、Thearticlereadswell.这篇文章读起来很好。
、Thesupermarketopensat8:
00inthemorning.超市在早上八点钟营业。
、Thedoorwon’tclose/shut.这门关不上。
、Thedoorlockseasily.这门容易锁。
、Thismaterialwearswell(won’twear).这种材料耐久(不耐久)
七.含有双宾语的句子的被动语态
有一些动词如give,buy等,后面常跟两个宾语--直接宾语和间接宾语;
通常直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人;
指物或指人的宾语都可以作为被动句子的主语。
例如:
例:
①Shegavemeabook.=Shegaveapentobook.
→Iwasgivenabookbyher.
→Abookwasgiventomebyher.
②MyfatherboughtmeaMP3.=MyfatherboughtaMP3forme.
→IwasboughtaMP3bymyfather.
→AMP3wasboughtformebymyfather.
将这些带双宾语的动词背下来:
1.动词后加to的:
give给show给……看send寄bring带……pass递给……
lend……借给leave留给……hand……交给tell告诉return归还
write写给……throw扔……promise答应refuse拒绝……
2.动词后加for的:
pay付钱给……,buy买,sing给……唱歌,make制,做,
do做,get得到
注意:
所有要求不定式作宾语补足语而不带to的动词,包括感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,lookat,listento及使役动词make,let,have和动词help,在变为被动语态时,还要把to加上。
被动语态专项练习
Ⅰ单项选择
1.Goodbooks____againandagain.
A.shouldbereadedB.shouldberead
C.mustreadD.oughttoread
2.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked
3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'
tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'
tlistened
C.give,wasn'
tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'
tlisten
4.When____theaccident_____?
A.was,happenB.did,happen
C.is,happenD.was,happened
5.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscuss
C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed
6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt
7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetupB.havebeensetup
C.weresetupD.setup
8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinishedB.havefinished
C.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished
9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown
10.He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraisedB.praises
C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised
11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.
A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopen
C.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened
12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken
13.Wecan'
tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired
14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing
15.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenout
C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout
16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapor(蒸汽).
A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats
17.Wecan'
tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.
A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking
18.They______dayandnight.
A.aremadeworkB.aremadetowork
C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork
19.Chang'
anRoadis______ofpeople.
A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled
20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.
A.wassentupB.issentup
C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup
21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.
A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung
22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.
A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
23.When______thePeople'
sRepublicofChina_____?
A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found
24.Mary'
sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.
A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended
25.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.
A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin
26.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplantedB.plant
C.areplantedD.willbeplanted
27.Thesun_____atnightasusual.
A.canbeseenB.can'
tseeC.can'
tbeseenD.doesn'
tsee
28.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.
A.willputonB.willbeputon
C.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon
29.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappened
C.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen
30.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken
C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.
2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?
5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.
6.Ithinkthatheisright.
7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.
8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.
9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.
10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.
Moreexercises:
1
()1ThePeople'
sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
()2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung
()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
2
()1Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
()2-I'
dliketobuythatcoat.-I'
msorry.___.
A.itsoldB.it'
ssellingC.It'
sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished
3
()1Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
()2Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten
()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'
tB.won'
tC.isn'
tD.doesn'
t
4
()1-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'
ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'
ttheymended?
()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
()3___thesedesksbeneeded?
A