GRE GMAT作文评分器 Erater guide文档格式.docx

GRE GMAT作文评分器 Erater guide文档格式.docx

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wordsandphrasesthattheE-raterrecognizes.

★　Takeplentyoftimedpracticetestsonacomputer.Oursampleessaysonthesitearedesignedforyoutotakepracticeessaysandbeevaluated.

★　DonotprocrastinateAWApreparation.StudentstendtoputofftheAWAuntilitistoolateandthentheycannotadequatelyprepare.

ThenewE-raterwillgradeyourtestalongwithahumangrader.Iftheydisagree,itwillbesenttoathirdhumangrader.Thus,ifyoudonotwriteyouressayintheproperformatfortheErateritcouldleadtoalowerscore.ThroughouttheguidebookwehavetipsontheE-raterandasectionexclusivelyabouttheE-rater.TheAWAconsistsoftwo30-minutesections,theAnalysisofIssueessayandtheAnalysisofArgumentessay.Youwillreceiveagradefrom1to6,whichwillbesentwithyourGMATscores.

Theguideisdividedintothesesections:

Chapter1:

Introduction（thispage）Chapter2:

AnalysisofIssueChapter3:

AnalysisofArgumentChapter4:

AbouttheE-raterChapter5:

ImprovingYourWritingChapter6:

GettingtheRealEssayQuestions

Chapter2:

AnalysisofIssue

IntheAnalysisofIssuequestionyoudiscussyouropiniontowardanissue.Youwriteawellbalancedanalysisoftheissuethetestpresentstoyou.

Thesearethemostcommontopics:

★★★

Government'

sroleinensuringthewelfareofitscitizens

Cultureandsocialmores,attitudes,values

Management/organizationalstructure/behavior

Business:

advertisingandmarketing

laborandemploymentissue

Business-itsoverallroleandobjectivesinsociety

sregulatoryresponsibilities.

HereisanexampleofanAnalysisofIssuequestion:

FollowingtheColoradomassacreofschoolchildren,manylawmakershaveproposedthataninternationalbodyregulatetheinternetsothatsiteswhichprovideinformationtoterroristsshouldbeeliminated.Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeaboveopinion.Supportyouropinionwithreasonsandexamples.

★★★★ThepeoplewhogradetheAnalysisofIssuefortheGMATexpectthefollowing:

i）Awell-developedessaythatislogicalandcoherent;

ii）Anessaythatdemonstratescriticalthinkingskills;

iii）Anessaywhichusesvariedsentencestructureandvocabulary;

iv）AnessaythatusesthelanguageofstandardwrittenEnglish;

v）Anessaythatisfreeofmechanicalerrorsinspelling,punctuation,capitalization;

andvi）AnessaythatfollowstheconventionsofstandardwrittenEnglish.

AnalysisofIssue:

Content

HowdoIwriteawell-balancedessay?

Youshouldalwaysacknowledgebothsidesofanissue.Amongthesampleessaysthereisnotoneirrefutableessay,yetyoumustpickaside.Thetricktodoingthisistopersuadethereaderthat,despitethecounter-arguments,yourpositionisthestrongestoneoverall.Tryto"

straddlethefence"

betweenbothsidesoftheissuebymakinglimiteduseofqualifiers.Thiswillallowyoutoacknowledgetheopposingviewandappearscholarly.（Notethatoveruseofqualifierswillmaketheessayappeartoovagueanddiluteanargumentyouaremaking.）Ingeneral,takeapoliticallycorrectopinionoranopinionthatamajorityoftopscorersmighttake.However,ifyoudonotthinkyoucanwriteaneffectivepolitically-correctessay,adjustyourcontenttofitwhatyoucancomfortablyexpress.Ingeneral,though,stayuncontroversialandbalanced.Donotuseitasaforumtobeanideologue.Writingahighlychargedessaymightevokeabiasfromthereader（ifhedisagreeswithyou）anditalsomayconfusetheE-rater,sinceyouessaywillnotresembleanyessaysithasstoredinitsdatabase.Trytoapproacheachissueinadispassionateandbalancedmanner.Nevertheless,youmustbesuretotakeastand.Youmustpickasidethatwill"

winout"

intheconclusion/introduction.Thetestinstructionsspecificallytellyoutopickaside.Makesuretodisagreeoragreewiththequestion'

sstatement.Howin-depthshouldtheessaysbe?

Youressayisshort（youhaveonly30minutes）,soyouwon'

tbeabletocovereverypossibleargument,rebuttalandexample.Whenyoustartthetestsetasideafewminutestosetupthepointsandexamples.Youdonothavetocovereveryidea/concept.MostGMATstudentsdonothavetimetocovereverythingtheywouldliketocover.Choosethemostpersuasiverelevantpointsandexamplestouse.TheGMATgradersdonotexpectyoutogoin-depthoneverytopic.

Themostimportantconcernhereisthatyoudonotgooffofthemainsubject.Stayfocusedonthetopic.Donoteithergooffontangentialargumentsorexcessivelyfocusononeexample.WhereshouldIgetexamples?

Theinstructions（withonlyafewexceptions）allowyoutodrawuponyourpersonalexperiencesindevelopingyouranswertoeachessayquestion.Thispracticeisacceptable,butdon'

toverdoit.Youshouldgenerallyrelymoreonacademicknowledgethanpersonalexperiences.Yourexamplesandknowledgecanbeimpressive,butyoushouldn'

tgotoofar.Don'

ttrytoimpressthegraderwithyouexpertiseinanarrowarea.TheAWAtestsanalyticalwriting,notspecificsubjectknowledge.

WheredoIgetessayissueideas?

ThetopicsintheAnalysisofIssuesectionarecommonlyaddressedinpolicy-orientedmagazines.　　　

◆　WallStreetJournaleditorialpage　　　

◆　Forbes　　　

◆　TheEconomist　　　

◆　TheNewRepublic　　　

◆　Slate

InternationalStudents:

ReadtheseAmericanmagazinesasmuchaspossibletoseehowAmericansstructuretheirwritingandtostayupdatedonissues.

Writewithyourgraderinmind

WhenyouwriteyourIssueessay,rememberthatyouarefundamentallywritingyouressaytopleaseyourgrader.ETSessaygraderswilltypicallybeunder-employedacademics.TheironyisthatB-schoolcandidates,withhopesofmultiple6-figuresalaryoffers,comefromanentirelydifferentworldview.Don'

trambleinaself-righteousmanner.ThegraderswilltooeasilydismissyouasanotherarrogantMBAcandidate.

Keepitconcise

Putyourselfinthepositionofagrader.Theygradeessaysallday.Wouldn'

tyoufavoraconciseandeffectiveessaywith5paragraphsof4sentenceseachmorethana4paragraphramblingessaywith10sentencesineachparagraph?

Thebottomline:

keeptheessayscrisp,concise,andwritteninamannerappealingtothegrader.ThisisparticularlyimportantontheAnalysisofIssuequestion,whereyouessayexpressespersonalopinions.

Structure

Structureisthemostimportantpartofyouressay.Youressaymustbewritteninastandardformatwiththestandardlogicaltransitions.TheE-raterwillscanyouressaytoidentifyifithasastandardstructure.

◆　Introduction/Conclusion

Theseelementswillprovidethestructureforyouressayandkeepyouontrack.

◆　　NumberofParagraphs.

TosatisfytheE-rater,youressayshouldbe4to5paragraphs:

anintroduction,aconclusion,andthree"

body"

paragraphs.Eachparagraphshouldhave2to5sentences（totalessayabout300-400words）.Note:

YoushouldskipalinebetweenparagraphssincetheTABkeydoesnotfunctionintheessaysection.

EssayTemplate

Thetemplateisjustaguideline.Youdonothavetoadheretoit.Oftenyouwillhavetomakechangestosuityourargument.

▲　Thenumbersofsentencesindicatedforeachparagraphisaguidelinethatvariesdependingonhowmuchcontentyouhave.

▲　ThetransitionalphrasesweuseintheTemplateareintentionallysimplistic.Thisisnotasimpleapproachwhereyoucan"

fill-in-the-blanks."

Fleshoutthetemplatesomewhatanduseitasaguidelinetowriteadisciplinedandfocusedessay.

Template

1）IntroductoryParagraph（2-4sentences）

Makesuretokeepyourintroductoryparagraphconcise,strongandeffective.

Whattheintroductoryparagraphshouldaccomplish:

▲Explaintheissue（briefly）.

▲Showthatyouunderstandthefullcomplexitiesoftheissue（forexample,byrecognizingcompetinginterestsorvariousfactors）.

▲Stateyourpositionontheissue（withoutthedetailsyet）.

Sampletemplateforintroductoryparagraph（2sentences）:

a）Whether________________________dependson_____________________.b）（Insertyouropinion）,__________________________.

2）FirstBodyParagraph（3-5sentences）

Begintodevelopyourpositionwithyourmostimportantreason.Useoneortwoexamplestobackupyourmainpoint:

a）Thechiefreasonformyviewis___________________________________.b）Forexample,____________________________________.c）Moreover,______________________________.d）Finally,________________________.

3）SecondBodyParagraph

Expandyourpositionwitha"

secondary"

reason.Supportyourrationalefurtherwithatleastoneexample.

▲　Stateyoursecondreason（oneonly）.

▲　Providerationaleand/orevidencetosupportit.

Here'

sasampletemplateforthesecondbodyparagraphthataccomplishestheseobjectives:

a）Anotherreasonformyviewis_____________________________.b）Specifically,________________.c）Ther