最新中石化第一次分级测试真题阅读+翻译+写作doc文档格式.docx
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talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthe
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wholetheydonotlivebythem.Thusitisimportanttodistinguish
betweenwhattheysayandwhattheydo.Forexample,manywilltell
youthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformof
marriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorother
sourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopass
30
ontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowantto
avoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageand
divorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.
Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelitties
themdowntomen.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthema
35
betterbreak;
itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmen
have.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,
thewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecideto
leavetheirmen.Italsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseorany
otherpropertytheymayown.
1.Accordingtothepassage,adefiningcharacteristicofpovertyisthatpoorpeople__________.
A.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsociety
B.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobs
C.areresponsiblefortheirownpoverty
D.areconstantlyinastateofcrisis
2.Theauthorofthepassageusesthephrase“cultureofpoverty”(Line6)tosuggestthat__________.
A.thereareseveralclassificationsofpoorpeople
B.poorpeopleoftentakeprideintheirpoverty
C.poorpeopleshareacommonethnicity
D.povertyhasbecomeaprevailingwayoflifeforsomepeople
3.Theword“incidence”inLine6isclosestinmeaningto__________.
A.inflation
B.introduction
C.accident
D.occurrence
4.Theword“literacy”inLine12referstotheabilityto__________.
A.gotoschool
B.readandwrite
C.understandmath
D.receiveaneducation
5.Byassertingthatthecultureofpovertycanbeusedbypoliticalmovements(Line19),theauthoris__________.
A.cautioningagainstanuprisingbythepoor
B.showinghowpovertymaythreatensocialstability
C.callinguponthemiddleclasstofightagainstthepoor
D.justifyingthemotivesofpoliticians
6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeoplewithacultureofpoverty?
A.Theyworkhardbutreceivelittleinreturn
B.They’recynicaltoallbutthechurch
C.Theyusuallyignorethenationalwelfareagencies
D.Theyareeconomicallyactive
7.Accordingtothelastparagraph,consensualunioncanprovidepoorwomenwhorefusetogetmarriedlegallywithallofthefollowingEXCEPT__________.
A.afreechurchweddingorcivilceremony
B.someofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave
C.astrongerclaimontheirchildrenwhentheywanttoleavetheirmen
D.rightstoahouseoranyotherproperty
8.Aconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraphthatmenandwomeninthecultureofpoverty__________.
A.considerthemselvesunworthyoflegalmarriage
B.prefernottobeinrelationship
C.avoidlegalizedmarriagesforpracticalandeconomicreasons
D.donottrusteachothertobefaithfulhusbandsandwives
9.Inthediscussionofpoverty,theauthorismostlikelytoagreethatpoverty__________.
A.ismorewidespreadthanmostpeoplethink
B.cannotbeeliminated
C.weakensthefabricofsociety
D.meansmorethanlackofmoney
10.Theword“it”inLine37refersto__________.
A.abetterbreak
B.legalstatus
C.consensualunion
D.illegalmarriage
篇章2当前题号:
第11-20题,总题数:
50题;
LineCarsaccountforhalftheoilconsumedintheU.S.,abouthalfthe
urbanpollutionandone-fourthofthegreenhousegases.Theytakea
similartollofresourcesinotherindustrialnationsandinthecitiesofthe
developingworld.Asvehicleusecontinuestoincreaseinthecoming
decade,theU.S.andothercountrieswillhavetodealwiththeseissues
orelsefaceunacceptableeconomic,health-relatedandpoliticalcosts.It
isunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelorthat
othernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributiontoglobal
climatechange.
Policymakersandindustryhavefouroptions:
reducevehicleuse,
increasetheefficiencyandreducetheemissionsofconventional
gasoline-poweredvehicles,switchtolessharmfulfuels,orfindless
pollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese—inparticularthe
introductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity—isultimatelytheonly
sustainableoption.Theotheralternativesareattractiveintheorybutin
practiceareeitherimpracticalorofferonlymarginalimprovements.For
example,reducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficproblemsandahostof
socialandenvironmentalproblems,butevidencefromaroundtheworld
suggeststhatitisdifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoany
significantextent.IntheU.S.,mass-transitridershipandcarpooling
havedeclinedsinceWorldWarII.EveninWesternEurope,withfuel
pricesaveragingmorethan$1aliter(about$4agallon)andwitheasily
accessiblemasstransitanddensepopulations,carsstillaccountfor80
percentofallpassengertravel.
Improvedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealing,butautomotivefuel
economyhasbarelymadeanyprogressin10years.Alternativefuels
suchasnaturalgas,burnedininternal-combustionengines,couldbe
introducedatrelativelylowcost,buttheywouldleadtoonlymarginal
reductionsinpollutionandgreenhousegasemissions(especially
becauseoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsofdollarsevery
yeartodeveloplesspollutingtypesofgasoline).
11.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheincreaseduseofcarswill__________.
A.consumehalfoftheoilproducedintheworld
B.haveseriousconsequencesonthewell-beingofallnations
C.imposeaneconomicburdenonresidentsoflargecities
D.widenthegapbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountries
12.Americahastosolvetheproblemsarisingfromvehicleusebecause__________.
A.fewAmericansarereluctanttoswitchtopublictransportation
B.thepresentlevelofoilpricesisconsideredunacceptable
C.itshouldtaketheleadinconservingnaturalresources
D.othercountriesareunsatisfiedaboutitslargegreenhouseemissions
13.Accordingtotheauthor,America’scontributiontoglobalclimatechangeis__________.
A.increasing
B.decreasing
C.fluctuating
D.stabilizing
14.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontotheproblemsmentionedinthepassage?
A.Thedesigningofhighlyefficientcarengines
B.Areductionofvehicleuseincities
C.Theuseoflesspollutingfuels
D.Thedevelopmentofelectriccars
15.Whatdoes“host”inLine17mean?
A.Personwhoservespeopleasguests
B.Anchorofatelevisionprogram,etc.
C.Largenumberofsomething
D.Caretakerofaninn
16.Whatisthemeaningof“carpooling”inLine20?
A.Peopleridingtogetherinonecar
B.Anumberofcarsusedbyacompany’ssalesmen
C.Apersonwhoownsmanycars
D.Carsownedbyanorganizationfortheuseofitsmembers
17.Accordingtothepassage,afterWorldWarIImanypeopleintheU.S.__________.
A.onlyusedrailways
B.preferredtheirowncarsfortravel
C.alwaysusedpublictransportation
D.insistoncarpooling
18.Whichofthefollowingispracticalbutonlymakesasmallcontributiontosolvingtheproblemofgreenhouseemissions?
A.Slowingdownfueleconomy
B.Theuseoffuelsotherthangasoline
C.Reducingcarusebycarpooling
D.Theintroductionoflesspollutingdrivingsystems
19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.ThedeclineofpublictransportationaccountsforincreasedcaruseinWesternEurope
B.CarsarepopularinWesternEuropeeventhoughfuelpricesarefairlyhigh
C.WesternEuropeoilcompaniescannotsustainthecostofdevelopingnew-typefuels
D.ThereductionofvehicleuseistheonlysustainableoptionindenselypopulatedWesternEurope
20.Theword“they”inLine28refersto__________.
A.internal-combustionengines
B.marginalreductions
C.alternativefuels
D.greenhouseemissions
篇章3当前题号:
第21-30题,总题数:
LineCancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Its
careandmanagementhave