雅思备考练习提升17Word格式.docx

雅思备考练习提升17Word格式.docx

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IntroducedCategory2:

INFORMATIONALROLES.Informationalrolesarethoseinwhichmanagersobtainandtransmitinformation.Theseroleshavechangeddramaticallyastechnologyhasimproved.Themonitorevaluatestheperformanceofothersandtakescorrectiveactiontoimprovetheperformance.Monitorsalsowatchforchangesintheenvironmentandwithinthecompanythatmayaffectindividualandorganisationalperformance.Monitoringoccursatalllevelsofmanagement.Theroleofdisseminatorrequiresthatmanagersinformemployeesofchangesthataffectthemandtheorganisation.Theyalsocommunicatethecompany'

svisionandpurpose.

IntroducedCategory3:

DECISIONALROLES.Decisionalrolesrequiremanagerstoplanstrategyandutiliseresources.Therearefourspecificrolesthataredecisional.Theentrepreneurrolerequiresthemanagertoassignresourcestodevelopinnovativegoodsandservices,ortoexpandabusiness.Thedisturbancehandlercorrectsunanticipatedproblemsfacingtheorganisationfromtheinternalorexternalenvironment.Thethirddecisionalrole,thatofresourceallocator,involvesdeterminingwhichworkunitswillgetwhichresources.Topmanagersarelikelytomakelarge,overallbudgetdecisions,whilemiddlemanagersmaymakemorespecificallocations.Finally.thenegotiatorworkswithothers,suchassuppliers,distributors,orlabourunions,toreachagreementsregardingproductsandservices.

AlthoughMintzberg'

sinitialresearchinl960shelpedcategorisemanagerapproaches,Mintzbergwasstillconcernedaboutresearchinvolvingotherrolesintheworkplace.Mintzbergconsideredexpandinghisresearchtootherroles,suchastheroleofdisseminator,figurehead,liaisonandspokesperson.Eachrolewouldhavedifferentspecialcharacteristics,andanewcategorisationsystemwouldhavetobemadeforeachroletounderstanditproperly.

WhileMintzberg’sinitialresearchwashelpfulinstartingtheconversation,therehassincebeencriticismofhismethodsfromotherresearchers.Somecriticismsoftheworkwerethateventhoughthereweremultiplecategories,theroleofmanagerisstillmorecomplex.TherearestillmanymanagerrolesthatarenotastraditionalandarenotcapturedinMintzberg'

soriginalthreecategories.Inaddition,sometimes,Mintzberg’sresearchwasnotalwayseffective.Theresearch,whenappliedtoreal-lifesituations,didnotalwaysimprovethemanagementprocessinreal-lifepractice.

ThesetwocriticismsagainstMintzberg'

sresearchmethodraisedsomequestionsaboutwhetherornottheresearchwasusefultohowweunderstand"

managers"

intoday'

sworld.However,evenifthecriticismsagainstMintzberg’sworkaretrue,itdoesnotmeanthattheoriginalresearchfromthe1960siscompletelyuseless.ThoseresearchersdidnotsayMintzberg’sresearchisinvalid.Hisresearchhastwopositivefunctionstothefurtherresearch.

ThefirstpositivefunctionisMintzbergprovidedausefulfunctionalapproachtoanalysemanagement.Andheusedthisapproachtoprovideaclearconceptoftheroleofmanagertotheresearcher.Whenresearchinghumanbehaviour,itisimportantlobeconciseaboutthesubjectoftheresearch.Mintzberg'

sresearchhashelpedotherresearchersclearlydefinewhata"

manager"

is,becauseinreal-lifesituations,the"

isnotalwaysthesamepositiontitle.Mintzberg’sdefinitionsaddedclarityandprecisiontofutureresearchonthetopic.

ThesecondpositivefunctionisMintzberg'

sresearchcouldberegardedasagoodbeginningtogiveanewinsighttofurtherresearchonthisfieldinthefuture.Scientificresearchisalwaysagradualprocess.JustbecauseMintzberg'

sinitialresearchhadcertainflaws,doesnotmeanitisuselesstootherresearchers.Researcherswhoareinterestedinstudyingtheworkplaceinasystematicwayhaveolderresearchtolookbackon.Aresearcherdoesn'

thavetostartfromtheverybeginning-olderresearchlikeMintzberg'

shaveshownwhatmethodsworkwellandwhatmethodsarenotasappropriateforworkplacedynamics.Asmoreyoungprofessionalsenterthejobmarket,thisresearchwillcontinuetostudyandchangethewaywethinkaboutthemodernworkplace.

Questions1-6

Lookatthefollowingdescriptionsordeeds（QuestionsI-6）andthelistofcategoriesbelow.

Matcheachdescriptionordeedwiththecorrectcategory,A,BorC

Writethecorrectletter.A.B,orCinboxes1-6onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.

Listofcategories

AINTERPERSONALROLES

BINFORMATIONALROLES

CDECISIONALROLES

1thedevelopmentofbusinessscheme

2presidingatformalevents

3usingemployeesandfunds

4gettingandpassingmessageontorelatedpersons

5relatingtheinformationtoemployeesandorganisation

6recruitingthestaff

Questions7and8

ChooseTWOletters,A-E.

Writethecorrectlettersinboxes7and8onyouranswersheet.

WhichTWOpositivefunctionsaboutMintzberg'

sresearcharementionedinthelasttwoparagraphs?

Aofferswaterproofcategoriesofmanagers

Bprovidesaclearconcepttodefinetheroleofamanager

Chelpsnewgraduatestodesigntheircareer

Dsuggestswaysformanagerstodotheirjobbetter

Emakesafreshwayforfurtherresearch

Questions9-13

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes9-13onyouanswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictswiththeinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

9Youngprofessionalscaneasilyknowmanagementexperienceintheworkplace.

10Mintzberg’stheorybrokewell-establishednotionsaboutmanagingstyles.

11Mintzberggotalargeamountofresearchlimosforhiscontribution.

12Allmanagersdothesamework.

13Mintzberg'

stheoryisinvalidinthefixturestudies.

精析

段一：

精析：

Whenstudentsgraduateandfirstentertheworkforce,themost