浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语文档格式.docx
《浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语文档格式.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语文档格式.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-11/22/d8104944-7da3-4158-9968-3135a20f415f/d8104944-7da3-4158-9968-3135a20f415f1.gif)
ForeachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.
1.Thepatienthasbeen____________ofthesafetyoftheoperation.
A.guaranteedB.assuredC.entrustedD.confirmed
2.Someteenagersharbourageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which_________themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.
A.deprivesB.restrictsC.rejectsD.denies
3.Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers’checks,whichprovideasecure____________tocarryingyourmoneyincash.
A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative
4.Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher___________attitudetowardcustomers.
A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing
5.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th___________thebirthofJesusChrist.
A.inaccordancewithB.intermsof
B.infavorofD.inhonorof
6.Nooneimaginedthattheapparently_________businessmanwasreallyacriminal.
A.respectiveB.respectableC.respectfulD.receptacle
7.Insomepartsoftheworldtheindigenouspopulationhasbeencompletely_______.
A.wipedupB.wipedoutC.wipedawayD.wipedoff
8.___________theinventionofthesteamengine,mostformsoftransportwerehorse-drawn.
A.AkintoB.Priorto
C.InadditiontoD.Withreferenceto
9.Becausehisworkplacewassobusyandnoisy,helongedmostofallfor__________.
A.lonelinessB.associationC.solitudeD.irrelevancy
10.BecauseMarkneededtopasstheexam,hemadestudyinga_____________overwatchinghisfavoritetelevisionshow.
A.priorityB.conformityC.perplexityD.concept
11.Therecordofthepastisalwaysincomplete,andthehistorianswhowriteaboutit__________reflectthepreoccupationsoftheirowntime.
A.boundtoB.inevitablyC.indispensablyD.justifiably
12.Manisa________animal,andmuchmoresoinhismindthaninhisbody:
hemayliketogoaloneforawalk,buthehatestostandaloneinhis__________.
A.conceited...vanityB.solitary...thoughts
C.gregarious...opinionsD.special...uniqueness
13.HesayshewouldwriteanEnglishcoursebookifhecouldfinda(n)________todealwiththelessinterestingparts.
A.accompliceB.collaboratorC.spouseD.kin
14.Internationaltravelersmayhavedifficultiesunderstandingtheadjustmentproblemsthat_________them.
A.amazeB.besetC.humiliateD.resurrect
15.ThedistinctivequalitiesofAfricanmusicwerenotappreciatedoreven_________.
A.deploredB.perceivedC.reveredD.ignored
16.Thespokespersonknewhehadmadea___________errorwhenheprematurelyannouncedthatallofthevictimshadsurvivedtheaccident.
A.glaringB.grievousC.dazedD.furtive
17.His_________forwantingtostayonasmanageristoseeEnglandasthetopteamintheworld.
A.measurementB.motivationC.requirement
18.Manyofthevillagersrelyonfishingastheir__________sourceofincome.
19.Shecouldn’timagineherselfinanyformof___________withheremployer,muchasshelikedhim.
B.FantasyC.intimacy
20.Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally_________toimprovementsindiet.
B.referred
21.Doyoubelievethathehadkilledamanwithhis__________hands
22.It___________measstrangethatthemandidn’tintroducehimselfbeforehespoke.
A.occurredB.dawnedC.impressedD.struck
23.Hedefinitelymeanttoberude—itwasquite_________.
A.spontaneousB.deliberateC.consciousD.expressive
24.Thelawyertoldthejudgethathis__________didnothaveacriminalrecord.
25.Attitudeslearnedathome__________ontotheplayground.
outB.carryonC.carryforwardover
26.I’mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit__________.
C.diminishes
27.Afteryou’vesignedthecontract,itwillbeimpossibleto_________.
outupoffdown
28.Koreannewspapersonlyhavefourpages,sostorieshavetobeverymuch___________.
thecoretheeffectthepointbeexact
29.She’sboughtanexercisebiketokeep_________.
A.ineffectshapesessionhealth
30.Thejudge_________mostofthepoliceevidence,sayingitwasclearlyfabricated.
A.disposedB.declined
PartIIReadingComprehension(40points,2pointseach)
Therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.
TextA
Whenweuseawordinspeechandwriting,itsmostobviouspurposeistopointtosomethingorrelationorproperty.Thisistheword’s“meaning.”Weseeasmallfour-footedanimalontheroadandcallita“dog,”indicatingthatitisamemberoftheclassoffour-footedanimalswecalldogs.Theword“dog”aswehaveusedittherehasaplain,straight-forward,“objective”meaning.Wehaveinnowaygonebeyondtherequirementsofexactscientificdescription.
Letussupposealsothatonegrandparentofthedogwasacollie,anotherwasanIrishterrier,anotherafoxterrier,andthefourthabulldog.Wecanexpressthesefactsequallyscientificallyandobjectivelybysayingthatheisadogofmixedbreed.Stillwehaveinnowaygonebeyondtherequirementsofexactscientificdescription.
Suppose,however,thatwehadcalledthatsameanimala“mongrel.”Thematterismorecomplicated.Wehaveusedawordwhichobjectivelymeansthesameas“dogofmixedbreed,”butwhichalsoarousesinourhearersanemotionalattitudeofdisapprovaltowardthatparticulardog.Aword,therefore,cannotonlyindicateanobject,butcanalsosuggestanemotionalattitudetowardit.Suchsuggestionofanemotionalattitudedoesgobeyondexactandscientificdiscussionbecauseourapprovalsanddisapprovalsareindividual—theybelongtoourselvesandnottotheobjectsweapproveordisapproveof.Ananimalwhichtothemindofitsmasterisafaithfulandnobledogofmixedancestrymaybea“mongrel”tohisneighborwhosechickensarechasedbyit.
Onceweareonthelookoutforthisdifferencebetween“objective”and“emotional”meanings,weshallnoticethatwordswhichcarrymoreorlessstrongsuggestionsofemotionalattitudesareverycommonandareordinarilyusedinthediscussionofsuchcontroversialquestionsasthoseofpolitics,morals,andreligion.Thisisonereasonwhysuchcontroversiescannotyetbesettled.
Thereisawell-knownsayingthattheword“firm”canbedeclinedasfollows:
Iamfirm,thouareobstinate,heispigheaded.Thatisasimpleillustrationofwhatismeant.“Firm,”“obstinate,”and“pigheaded”allhavethesameobjectivemeaning—thatis,followingone’sowncourseofactionandrefusingtobeinfluencedbyotherpeople’sopinion.Theyhave,however,differentemotionalmeanings:
“firm”hasanemotionalmeaningofstrongapproval,“obstinate”ofmilddisapproval,“pigheaded”ofstrongdisapproval.
Inmuchthesamewaywhen,duringtheWorldWar,thoughtsweredominatedbyemotions,thenewspaperscontrastedthespiritofourheroicboyswithruthlessnessoftheHuns([贬义]德国兵),andtheheroismofourtroopswiththeenemy’ssavagery.Now,withthemoreobjectiveattitudethathasbeenbroughtbythelapseoftime,wecanlookbackandseethatspiritandruthlessnessareobjectivelythesamething,onlytheonewordhasanemotionalmeaningofapproval,theotherofdisapproval.Wecansee,too,thatasoldiergoingforwardundershellfiretoprobabledeathisdoingthesamethingwhetherheisaGermanoroneofourcountrymen,andthattodistinguishbetweenthembyapplyingthewordsavagerytotheactionoftheoneandheroismtothatoftheotheristodistortrealitybyusingwordstomakeanemotionaldistinctionbetweentwoactionswhichareobjectivelyidentical.
31.Theauthor’spointinthefirstthreeparagraphsisthat___________.
A.thereisnorealdifferencebetweencallingadogamongrelorcallingitadogofmixedbreed
B.“adogofmixedbreed”isanemotionalterm
C.“mongrel”isanobjectiveterm
D.wordsmaysuggestemotionalattitudesaswellasobjectivemeanings
32.Theauthormaintainsthat_________.
A.indiscussingscientificsubjects,emotionalwordsareoftenusedtomakemeaningsclearer
B.indiscussingcontroversialquestions,objectivetermsaregenerallyusedtohelpclarifymeanings
C.indiscussingscientificsubjects,objectivetermsaregenerallyused,inordertoavoidcontroversy
D.indiscussingcontroversialquestions,emotionaltermsareusedveryoften
33.Theauthorbelievesthatpeoplehavedisagreementsonmanysubjectspartiallybecause_______.
A.peoplehavenotlearnedhowtogetalongwitheachotherwithoutconflictandargument
B.wordsusedindiscussingthosesubjectscarryemotionalovertoneswhichtendtoantagonizepeople
C.wordswithobjectivemeaningsmeandifferentthingstodifferentpersons,andmustbeusedcarefully
D.politics,morals,andreligioncausecontroversiesthatcannotyetbesettled
34.Regardingwar,theauthorbelievesthatinWorldWarI,_________.
A.ourmenshowedspiritandheroism,whiletheGermansdisplayedruthlessnessandsavagery
B.althoughourmenactedheroically,therewereoccasionswhentheywerealmostasruthlessasthe
Germans
C.therewas