21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit2课文讲解Word格式.docx

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit2课文讲解Word格式.docx

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　　switch

　　转换

　　Listentothetapeagain.Then,choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.

　　1.Whatwasthemaincauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthelistening?

　　A）ShewasusingaWesternstyleinconversationsamongtheJapanese.

　　B）SheinsistedonspeakingEnglisheventhoughshewasinJapan.

　　C）ShespoketheJapaneselanguagepoorly.

　　D）ShewasanAmericanwomanmarriedtoaJapaneseman.

　　2.WhichofthefollowingparisonsdoesthelisteningmakeaboutJapaneseandWesternconversationalstyles?

　　A）TheJapanesestyleisliketennisandtheWesternstyleislikevolleyball.

　　B）TheWesternstyleismoreathleticthantheJapanesestyle.

　　C）TheJapanesestyleislikebowlingandtheWesternstyleisliketennis.

　　D）TheJapanesestyleislikesinglestennisandtheWesternstyleislikedoubles.

　　3.TheauthorconsiderstheWesternconversationalstyletobe.

　　A）moreinteractive（互动的）

　　B）louder

　　C）morepersonal

　　D）better

　　4.TheauthorconsiderstheJapaneseconversationalstyletobe.

　　A）easiertoadjustto（适应）

　　B）morestrictly（严谨地）organized

　　C）moretraditional

　　5.Theauthorconcludesthat.

　　A）onceyouknowthedifferences,itiseasytoadjusttothem

　　B）becausesheisAmerican,shewillneverreallyunderstandJapan

　　C）lifewillbemucheasierforherstudentsthanitwasforher

　　D）itremainsdifficulttoswitchfromonestyletoanother

　　1.Lookatthetitleandguesswhatthispassageisabout.

　　2.Gooverthefirstparagraphquicklyandfindoutwhotheauthoris.IssheaJapanesebornandeducatedintheUnitedStatesoranAmericanmarriedtoaJapanese?

　　3.HaveyouevertalkedwithanativespeakerofEnglish?

Whatproblemshaveyouencounteredintalkingwithaforeigner?

　　AfterIwasmarriedandhadlivedinJapanforawhile,myJapanesegraduallyimprovedtothepointwhereIcouldtakepartinsimpleconversationswithmyhusband,hisfriends,andfamily.AndIbegantonoticethatoften,whenIjoinedin,theotherswouldlookstartled,andtheconversationwouldetoahalt.Afterthishappenedseveraltimes,itbecamecleartomethatIwasdoingsomethingwrong.Butforalongtime,Ididn'

tknowwhatitwas.

　　Finally,afterlisteningcarefullytomanyJapaneseconversations,Idiscoveredwhatmyproblemwas.EventhoughIwasspeakingJapanese,IwashandlingtheconversationinaWesternway.

　　Japanese-styleconversationsdevelopquitedifferentlyfromwestern-styleconversations.Andthedifferenceisn'

tonlyinthelanguages.IrealizedthatjustasIkepttryingtoholdwestern-styleconversationsevenwhenIwasspeakingJapanese,soweremyEnglishstudentstryingtoholdJapanese-styleconversationsevenwhentheywerespeakingEnglish.Wewereunconsciouslyplayingentirelydifferentconversationalballgames.

　　Awestern-styleconversationbetweentwopeopleislikeagameoftennis.IfIintroduceatopic,aconversationalball,Iexpectyoutohititback.Ifyouagreewithme,Idon'

texpectyousimplytoagreeanddonothingmore.Iexpectyoutoaddsomething—areasonforagreeing,anotherexample,oraremarktocarrytheideafurther.ButIdon'

texpectyoualwaystoagree.Iamjustashappyifyouquestionme,orchallengeme,orpletelydisagreewithme.Whetheryouagreeordisagree,yourresponsewillreturntheballtome.

　　Andthenitismyturnagain.Idon'

tserveanewballfrommyoriginalstartingline.Ihityourballbackagainfromwhereithasbounced.Icarryyourideafurther,oransweryourquestionsorobjections,orchallengeorquestionyou.Andsotheballgoesbackandforth.

　　Iftherearemorethantwopeopleintheconversation,thenitislikedoublesintennis,orlikevolleyball.There'

snowaitinginline.Whoeverisnearestandquickesthitstheball,andifyoustepback,someoneelsewillhitit.Noonestopsthegametogiveyouaturn.You'

reresponsiblefortakingyourownturnandnoonepersonhastheballforverylong.

　　AJapanese-styleconversation,however,isnotatallliketennisorvolleyball,it'

slikebowling.Youwaitforyourturn,andyoualwaysknowyourplaceinline.Itdependsonsuchthingsaswhetheryouareolderoryounger,aclosefriendorarelativestrangertothepreviousspeaker,inaseniororjuniorposition,andsoon.

　　Thefirstthingistowaitforyourturn,patientlyandpolitely.Whenyourmomentes,youstepuptothestartinglinewithyourbowlingball,andcarefullybowlit.Everyoneelsestandsback,makingsoundsofpoliteencouragement.Everyonewaitsuntilyourballhasreachedtheendofthelane,andwatchestoseeifitknocksdownallthepins,oronlysomeofthem,ornoneofthem.Thenthereisapause,whileeveryoneregistersyourscore.

　　Then,aftereveryoneissurethatyouaredone,thenextpersoninlinestepsuptothesamestartingline,withadifferentball.Hedoesn'

treturnyourball.Thereisnobackandforthatall.Andthereisalwaysasuitablepausebetweenturns.Thereisnorush,noimpatience.

　　NowondereveryonelookedstartledwhenItookpartinJapaneseconversations.Ipaidnoattentiontowhoseturnitwas,andkeptsnatchingtheballhalfwaydownthealleyandthrowingitbackatthebowler.Ofcoursetheconversationfellapart,Iwasplayingthewronggame.

　　Thisexplainswhyitcanbesodifficulttogetawestern-stylediscussiongoingwithJapanesestudentsofEnglish.WheneverIserveavolleyball,everyonejuststandsbackandwatchesitfall.Noonehitsitback.EveryonewaitsuntilIcallonsomeonetotakeaturn.Andwhenthatpersonspeaks,hedoesn'

thitmyballback.Heservesanewball.Again,everyonejustwatchesitfall.SoIcallonsomeoneelse.Thispersondoesnotrefertowhatthepreviousspeakerhassaid.Healsoservesanewball.Everyonebeginsagainfromthesamestartingline,andalltheballsrunparallel.Thereisneveranybackandforth.

　　Nowthatyouknowaboutthedifferenceintheconversationalballgames,youmaythinkthatallyourtroublesareover.Butifyouhavebeentrainedallyourlifetoplayonegame,itisnosimplemattertoswitchtoanother,evenifyouknowtherules.Tennis,afterall,isdifferentfrombowling.

　　conversational

　　a.会话的，交谈的

　　n.aninformaltalkinwhichpeopleexchangenews,feelings,andthoughts谈话;

会谈

　　ballgame

　　n.anygameplayedwithaball球类活动

　　gradually

　　ad.inawaythathappensordevelopsslowlyoveralongperiodoftime逐渐

　　startle

　　vt.makesuddenlysurprisedorslightlyshocked使惊吓，使惊奇

　　halt

　　n.astoporpause停住，停顿

　　v.stop（使）停住，（使）停顿

　　handle

　　vt.dealwith处理，应付

　　unconsciously

　　ad.notconsciously无意识地，不知不觉地

　　challenge

　　vt.向…挑战;

对…质疑

　　n.挑战;

质疑

　　disagree

　　vi.（with）haveorexpressadifferentopinionfromsb.else有分歧，不同意

　　response

　　n.ananswer;

（an）actiondoneinanswer答复;

回应;

反响

　　original

　　a.first;

earliest起初的;

原来的

　　bounce

　　vi.（ofaball）springbackorupagainfromthegroundoranothersurface（球）弹起，（球）反弹

　　objection

　　n.sth.thatonesaystoshowthathe/sheopposesordisapprovesofanaction,idea,etc.反对，异议

　　forth

　　ad.forward;

out向前;

向外

　　responsible

　　a.havingthejobordutyoflookingaftersb.orsth.,sothatonecanbeblamedifthingsgowrong须负责的，有责任的

　　n.保龄球

　　relative

　　a.havingaparticularqualitywhenparedwithsth.else相对的，比拟的

　　n.amemberofone'

sfamily;

relation亲属;

亲戚

　　previous

　　a.ingbeforeintimeororder先前的'

，以前的

　　junior

　　a.oflowerrankorposition;

younger级别或地位较低的，年资较浅的;

年少的，较年幼的

　　bowl

　　vt.把（球）投向球瓶

　　n.球道;

车道;

胡同，小巷

　　pin

　　n.球瓶;

大头针，别针

　　register

　　vt.record记录，登记

　　suitable

　　a.适宜的;

适当的

　　impatience

　　n.不耐烦;

急躁

　　*snatch

　　vt.getholdof（sth.）hastily;

takeinahurry,esp.forcefully抓住;

夺，夺得

　　alley

　　n.小巷，小街，胡同;

球道

　　bowler

　　n.投球手

　　apart

　　ad.intopieces成碎片

　　parallel

　　a.runningsidebysidebutnevergettingnearertoorfurtherawayfromeachother平行的，并列的

　　vi.change改变，转移

　　PhrasesandExpressions

　　Joinin

　　takepartin（anactivity）参加，参与

　　etoahalt

　　stop停住，停顿;

停顿

　　evenif/though

　　inspiteofthefactthat;

nomatterwhether即使;

尽管

　　justas

　　正如;

同样地

　　backandforth

　　来回地，反复地

　　andsoon

　　andotherthingsofthiskind等等

　　knockdown

　　make（sth.）fallbyhittingorpushingit击倒;

撞倒

　　fallapart

　　break;

falltopieces;

endinfailure破裂;

破碎;

以失败告终

　　callon/upon

　　formallyask（sb.）todosth.号召;

请求

　　referto

　　mention;

speakabout谈到，提及

　　afterall

　　whenallissaidordone毕竟

　　ProperName

　　NancyMastersonSakamoto

　　南希·

马斯特森·

坂本