状语从句系统学习与理解文档格式.docx
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(3)as引导一个持续性动作,多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。
*Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.
Johnsingsasheworks
(4)when还可以用作并列连词,其意义为“这时”相当于atthis/thattime/,andthis/thattime.
*Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.
*Wewereabouttosetoffonourway,whenitsuddenlybegantorain.
*此外,when还表原因:
既然。
*Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfivemunites.
(5)while作并列连词意为“而,却”表示对比。
*Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.
(6)while为趁…
*Makehaywhilethesunshines.
(7)while尽管,虽然,多放在句首:
*Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idon’tknowthemwell.
(8)while表只要
*Whilethereislifethereishope.
(9)while表既然
*I’dliketogetitsettledtodaywhilewe’reatit.
(10)如果主句表示的短暂性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时when,whileas可互换。
*When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.
2.assoonas,immediately,directly,themoment,theminute,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when,once
*Onceyourememberit,you’llneverforgetit.
*ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknowfatherwascoming.
*Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.
*Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.
*HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain
3.till,until,not…until
肯定句:
主句谓语动词必须是以延续性动词,主句,从句都为肯定式,意为某动作一直延续到某点时间才停.
*Heremainedthereuntilshearrived.
*Youmaystayhereuntiltherainstop.
否定句:
主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句肯定式,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。
*Hewon’tgotobedtill(until)shereturn.
Until可以置于句首,till不可。
*UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.
*注意:
not…until句型中的强调和到装。
*ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.
*NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.
4.before,since.
(1)若表达‘还未—就—,不到—就—,趁—还没来得及,或才,需要用before,
*Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.(我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地)
*Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.(我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了)
*Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(趁你没有忘记把它写下来)
*BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.
我还没来得及插话,他就给我量了尺寸。
注:
before从句中谓语不用否定式。
(2)Itwillbe+一段时间beforesb.does
*ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.
*Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.
(3)since从句
*Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.(战争爆发以来,有三年了)
*Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.(她离开我班有三年了)
*Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere.他不在这儿住有三年了)
*ItisthreeyearssinceIsmoked(have)acigar.=since*Istoppedsmokingacigar.如果译成我吸烟有三年了应为:
*ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantosmoke.
4.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime引导时间状语从句。
*Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.
*Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.
*ThefirsttimeIclimbedontothewall,Ifeltnervous
1.引导词where,wherever。
*Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
*Whereveryougo,pleasekeepintouchwithus.
2.与定语从句的区别
*Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions(状语从句)
*Makeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.(定语从句)
3.省略
*Makemarkswherenecessary=whereitisnecessary.
三、原因状语从句
1.引导词:
because,as,since,for,nowthat,consideringthat,
Mymathsteacherwasabsentthismorningbecauseshewasill.
*Consideringthathewasjustabeginner,weofferedhimourhelp.
2.because,as,for的辨析。
Because,表示直接的原因或充分的理由,回答why提出的问题,它引导的从句与主句有必然的因果关系。
*Westayedathomebecauseitrained.
*Heislovedbyallbecauseheishonest.
For引导的从句往往放在后面,表示推断,附加说明的理由。
表示原因很弱,一般对结果做推断性的补充或解释,不表直接原因。
*Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadiswet.
*Hemusthavegonetobed,forthelightisout.
Since强调经过思考的既成事实,其原因意味较弱,往往译成“既然”,since从句放在句首,强调主句所表示的结果。
原因很明显,为人所知。
*Sincethatisso,thereisnomoretobesaid.
Sinceyouinsist,Imustgo.
as它的用法同since但语气比since弱,多用在日常的谈话中。
多放在句首。
*AsIamill,Iwon’tgo.
*Asitwasalreadyratherdark,wedecidednottoturnback.
四、目的状语从句。
1.引导词sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase,lest.
*I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.
*Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.
2.forfearthat,incase,lest引导的状语从句中谓语动词要用should+动词原形,它本身带有否定意义,相当于sothat….not;
inorderthat…not;
也有不用should的情况。
*Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.
*Takeyourraincoatincase/lestitshouldrain.万一天下雨
*Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.以防天气会冷
五、结果状语从句。
引导词,sothat,so…that…;
such…that…;
句型:
*1.so+形容词/副词+that从句。
*2.so+形容词a./an+可数单数名词+that从句
*3.somany/much/few/little+名词+that从句。
*4.such+a/an+形容词+可数单数名词+that从句.
*5.such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句.
*6.such+alotof/lotsof/+名词+that从句.
*Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.
*Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.
*Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.
试比较:
Itisnotsurprisingthatsuchlittlewormseatsolittlegrain.
*Tomstudiedveryhardsothathepassedtheexams.
当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序,如,
Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.
2.除结果状语从句外,too…to…;
enoughto(达到某种程度可以…),so…asto…(那么…以致于…)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果
*Hedidn’tgetupearlyenoughtocatchthebus.
=Hegotuptoolatetocatchthebus.=Hegotupsolateastomissthebus.
注意:
目的状语从句通常与情态动词连用表示一种可能,而结果状语从句中通常没有情态动词。
但用时往往难以区别。
*Hespokeloudlysothatwecouldhearhim.他大声说话,好让我们听见(表目的)或:
他大声说话,我们都能听见他(表结果)。
但是,若将could改用might/should,则是目的状语从句。
动词不定式置于句首时也只强调目的。
*Hespokeloudlysothatwemighthearhim/Hespokesoloudlythatwemighthearhim.
*Forustohearhim,hespokeloudly.
So(…)that从句若表达的是一种意欲或可能性,则是目的状语从句,若表达的是事实或客观现实,则是结果状语从句,sothat前若有逗号,其从句也只表示结果。
下列句子中从句均表示结果。
*Thesuitwassoexpensivethathecouldnotbuyit.
*Thesuitwasveryexpensivesothathecouldnotbuyit.
*Thesuitwasexpensiveenoughforhimnottobuyit.
*Thesuitwastooexpensiveforhimtobuyit.
1.引导词,if,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat,suppose,supposing(仅用在问句中)。
Incase,sofaras,provided(that),
*Suppose(Supposing)wecan’tgetthenecessaryequipmentwhatshallwedo?
*Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.
*Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.
2.同时间状语从句一样,条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。
*Wewillgoforapicnicunlessitrains.
*Theysaidtheywouldhaveatryiftheywereaskedto.
3.条件状语从句中的虚拟
*IfIwereyou,Iwouldinvitehimtodinner.
*Therewouldnothavebeensomuchtroubleifhehadkepthispromise.
七、方式状语从句,用as,asif/asthough引导。
I’lldoasIamaskedto.
Itlookedasifanearthquakehadhappened.
Hewalkedasthoughheweredrunk.
八、让步状语从句,用although,though,evenif/eventhough或as引导。
Heisunhappythough/althoughhehasalotofmoney.
Although/Thoughitwas
raininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.
EvenifIwerebusy,Iwouldgo(虚拟)。
Eventhough/ifitisraining,we’llgothere.
2.whether…or…不管—还是;
疑问词+ever;
nomatter+疑问词引导。
Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.
What=Nomatterwhatyousay,hewon’tbelieveyou.
Whoeveryouare=Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherules.
3.as引导的让步状语从句。
(1),形容词+as+主语+be
Strongasyouare,youcan’tliftit.这种结构中,作表语的形容词前不能加任何表示程度的副词。
(2)名词+as+主语+be
Managerasheis,heisverymodest.这种结构中,作表语的名词前不能带任何限定词。
(3)原形实义动词+as+主语+情态动词。
Searchastheymight,theycouldn’tfindanybodyinthehouse.
(4)原形实义动词+as+主语+助动词do.
Failashedid,hewasnotdisappointed.这种结构中无情态动词,实义动词作谓语前置。
倒装时必须加助动词do.
(5).过去分词+as+主语+be
Praisedashewas,heremainedmodest.
(6)现在分词+as+主语+be
Rainingasitis,I’mgoingtovisithim.
(7)副词+as+主语+动词
Hardashetried,hewasunabletomakemuchprogress.(在这种结构中,副词前也不能添加如何程度副词。
九.比较状语从句。
(1)引导词as…as…,so…as…,than,themore…themore…,
HeistallerthanI.
HeisastallasI.
Heisnotas/sotallasI.
(1)注意no+比较级+than的意义。
AisnomorecarefulthanB
A和B两人都不仔细。
AisnolesscarefulthanB.
A和B两人都很仔细。
AisnotmorecarefulthanB.(A不如B仔细)
AisnotlesscarefulthanB.
A的仔细程度并不比B弱。