最全面文学史知识点总结Word格式.docx
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TheHouseofFame>
声誉xx
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance（传奇故事）
Famousthree：
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
IITheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginbeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
1.EdmundSpenserxx·
xx1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
TheFaerieQueene>
仙后（forQueenElizabeth）
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.
1.UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
②<
TheShepherdsCalendar>
牧人日历
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
Amoretti>
爱情小唱?
2.Thomas?
More托马斯?
xx1478~1535
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
①<
Utopia>
xx
3.Francis?
Bacon弗兰西斯·
培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；
在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；
近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.?
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&
powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
TheAdvancementofLearning>
学术的推进
Essays>
随笔（famousquotas:
<
Ofstudies>
）?
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
4.BenJonson
ComedyofHumours>
Volpone,orthefox>
狐狸
5.Christopher?
Marlowexxxx·
xx1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama
（完善了无韵体诗。
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>
xx博士的悲剧（根据xx民间故事书写成）
Tamburlaine>
帖xx大帝?
③<
TheJewofMalta>
xx的犹太人
6.WilliamShakespeare威廉·
莎士比亚1564~1616?
①Historicalplays:
HenryVI;
HenryIV:
RichardIII;
HenryV；
RichardII；
HenryVIII
②FourComedies四大喜剧:
AsYouLikeIt>
皆大欢喜;
TwelfthNight>
第十二夜;
AMidsummerNight’SDream>
xx之梦;
MerchantOfVenice>
威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies四大悲剧:
Hamlet>
哈姆莱特;
Othello>
xx;
KingLear>
Macbeth>
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154<
TheSonnets>
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
IIIThe17thCentury
1.JohnMilton约翰·
弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;
失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
①Epics:
ParadiseLost>
失乐园
?
Regained>
复乐园
②Dramaticpoem:
SamsonAgonistes>
力士参孙
Areopagitica>
论出版自由?
TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>
为xx人民声辩
④<
OnHisBlindness>
我的失明
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
2.JohnBunyan约翰·
xx1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是xx文学史上里程碑式著作。
与xx的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
Puritanpoet（清教徒派诗人）
①ReligionaryAllegory:
ThePilgrim’sProgress>
天路历程
3.JohnDonne
theMetaphysicalpoet（玄学派诗人）.
MetaphysicalPoetry（玄学诗）：
（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,（形式）theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：
love,religious,thought）
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
①Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
②SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
③Valediction:
ForbiddingMourning>
IVThe18thCentury
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion（抑制情感）andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason（rationality）,equality&
science（the18thcentury）
小说崛起：
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised（realisticnovel现实主义小说）
Gothicnovel（哥特式小说）：
mystery,horror,castles（frommiddleparttotheendofcentury）
1.Alexander?
Pope亚历山大·
xx1688~1744
（18世纪xx最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“xx双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
Oneofthefirsttointroducerationalismto.
AnEssayonCriticism>
批评论
1.Using“heroiccouplets”
TheRapeoftheLock>
卷发遇劫记
MoralEssays>
xx论
EssayonMan>
人论
TheDunciad>
愚人记
2.SamuelJohnsonxx约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary=<
ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage>
英语大词典
3.JonathanSwiftxx·
斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
Gulliver’sTravels>
xx游记（fictionalwork）
Fourparts:
Lilliputxx
Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛
Houyhnhnmxx
AModestProposal>
一个小小的建议
TheBattleofBooks>
书战
ATaleofaTub>
木桶的故事
TheDrapper’sLetters>
一个麻布商的书信
4.DanielDefoexx·
xx1660~1731
小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；
十八世纪xx现实主义小说的奠基人。
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
RobinsonCrusoe>
xx漂流记
ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnsto.
MollFlanders>
ColonelJacque>
Captainsingleton>
5.HenryFielding亨利·
菲尔丁1707~1754
（xx小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“xx小说之父”。
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”（散文体xx）,andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
①novels:
TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>
弃婴xx·
琼斯
TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>
约瑟夫·
TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>
大诗人xx·
威尔xx
Amelia>
爱xx
②plays:
TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>
一七三六年历史记事
DonQuixoteinEngland>
堂xx在xx
6.OliverGoldsmithxx·
格尔德xx1730~1774
①poems:
TheTraveller>
旅游人
TheDesertedVillage>
荒村
②novel:
TheVicarofWakefield>
xx克菲尔德牧师传
7.RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德·
xx利·
xx1751~1816
TheRivals>
情敌
TheSchoolforScandal>
造谣学校
8.WilliamBlake威廉·
xx1757~1827
SongsofInnocence>
天真之歌
Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
SongsofExperience>
经验之歌
Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
TheChimneySweeper>
>
TheTyger>
Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity
Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence
TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>
天堂与地狱的婚姻
9.RobertBurnsxx·
xx1759~1796
ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用xx方言写的诗
JohnAnderson,MyJo>
xx，我的爱人
ARed,RedRose>
一朵红红的玫瑰
AuldLong?
Syne>
往昔时光
AMan’saManforA’That>
不管那一套
⑤<
MyHeart’sintheHighlands>
我的心在那xx上
⑥<
BruceAtBannockburn>
⑦<
TheTreeOfLiberty>
VTheRomanticPeriod
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<
LyricalBallads>
andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.
Romanticism:
Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.（人应该是独立自由的个体）
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.
TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten（realistic）andWalterScott（romantic）.
“TheLakePoets”xx诗人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.
WilliamWordsworth;
SamuelTaylorColeridge;
RobertSouthey
1.WilliamWordsworth威廉·
华兹华斯1770~1850
（与xx治、骚塞同被称为“xx派”诗人。
TheLakePoets）
抒情歌谣集（withSamuelTaylorColeridge）
IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>
Theme:
1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”
2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.
Comment:
Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils（水仙）andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.
③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey
④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女
ThePrelude>
序曲
2.SamuelTaylorColeridgexx·
xx·
科尔律治1772~1834
The
TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>
古舟子颂
Christabel>
xxxxxx
KublaKhan>
忽必烈汗
mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astra
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