考研基础写作14节Word下载.docx
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不食人间烟火
●写作中十大高频词的替换
●many
●agreat/goodmanyof£
¬
anoceanof£
anarmyof+N.
●Anoceanofstudentsattendtheexamlastyear.
●anincreasing/growingnumberof+N.
●anincreasing/growingnumberofpeople
●Increasingly+adj.
●Increasinglypopular
●people（persons）
●individuals£
citizens£
folks
●AgrowingnumberofmainlandcitiesinChinaaresufferingfromsevereenvironmentalpollution.
●different
●distinctive
●various/avarietyof/diverse
●Shehasadistinctiveappearance.
●她的外貌与众不同。
●diverse/variouscultures
●Practice
●Inthemodernsociety,avarietyofdigitalproductsappearinourdailylife.
●认为：
think
●believe,argue,assert,contend
●beconvinced
●holdtheopinionthat，harbortheideathat
●Chineseresidentsareconvincedthatagrowingnumberofmainlandcitiesaresufferingfromsevereenvironmentalpollution.
●very
●changedramatically
●beconsiderablyconstrained
●extremelyhelpful
●tremendouslyeducational
●important
●significant£
crucial£
essential£
vital
●like
●prefer/becrazy/enthusiasticabout
●good
●positive/beneficial/desirable/advantageous
●bad
●negative/undesirable/discouraging/disadvantageous
●高频词替换后的效果
●Moreandmorepeoplethinkhealthisveryimportant.
●Adramaticallyincreasingnumberofindividualscontendthathealthisextraordinarilysignificant.
●词汇替换攻略之三：
惜字如金
●1.避免重复
●①省略名词
●Bacon：
Somebooksaretobetasted，others_tobeswallowed，andsomefew_tobechewedanddigested．
●书有可浅尝者，有可尽食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。
●他赞成第一个提议，反对第二个提议。
●Heagreedonthefirstsuggestionandwasagainstthesecondsuggestion．
●Heagreedonthefirstsuggestionandwasagainstthesecond.
●他们是优秀的老师，但胡老师是我见过的最好的老师。
●Theyaregoodteachers，butMr.HuisthebestteacherIhaveeverseen．
●Theyaregoodteachers，butMr.HuisthebestIhaveeverseen．
●②省略动词
●我知道一些你不知道的。
●Iknowsomethingyoudonotknow.
●Iknowsomethingyoudonot.
●
●其他人不必留下了，可是杨必须留下来。
●Othersneednotstayhere，butYangmuststayhere.
●Othersneednotstayhere，butYangmust.
●③省略形容词
●考过研的人可能会后悔，但没考过研的人肯定会后悔。
●Peoplewhohavetakentheexammayberegretted，butpeoplewhohavenottakentheexamcertainlywillberegretted．
●Peoplewhohavetakentheexammayberegretted，butpeoplewhohavenot_certainlywillbe_．
●词汇替换的攻略之四：
以实代虚
●我走出房间：
●gooutoftheroom
●walkoutoftheroom
●词汇替换攻略之四：
多说实词，少说虚词
●±
£
»
¤
·
¾
³
È
Ë
Ó
Ð
Ô
ð
¡
●Protectingtheenvironmentisathingweshouldalldo.
●Protectingtheenvironmentisadutyeverycitizenshouldfulfill/isacauseeveryonemustdevotehimselfto.
●词汇替换攻略之五：
移形转性
●形容词<
＝>
名词
●作表语的adj.→of＋抽象名词
●significant
●→ofsignificance
●meaningful
●→ofrichmeaning
●valuable
●→ofgreatvalue
●形容词的替代与变化
●necessary
●→ofnecessity
●influential
●→oftremendousinfluence
●Itissignificanttobringawallettoarestaurantwithyourgirlfriend.
●Itisofgreatsignificancetobringawallettoarestaurantwithyourgirlfriend.
●副词：
与词组的转化
●adv.→介宾短语：
prep.＋n.
●最常见的prep.是with
●easily
●→withease
●confidently
●→withconfidence
●conveniently
●→withconvenience
●还有一些固定搭配：
●accidentally
●→byaccident
●additionally
●→inaddition
●purposely
●→onpurpose
●表个人感情色彩的adv.
●→to＋one’s＋n.：
“令某人…的是”
●surprisingly
●→toone’ssurprise
●delightedly
●→toone’sdelight
●regrettably
●→toone’sregret
●sorrowfully
●→toone’ssorrow
●shamefully
●→toone’sshame
●Hewonthegirl’sloveeasily.
●Hewonthegirl’slovewithease.
●Surprisingly，hefoundthatsundidnotriseintheeast.
●Tohissurprise，hefoundthatsundidnotriseintheeast.
与句子的转化
●置于句首的adv.（修饰整个句子）
●→it＋is＋adj.＋that＋从句
●unfortunately
●→Itisunfortunatethat…
●significantly
●→Itissignificantthat…
●undoubtedly
●→Itisundoubtedthat…
●Undoubtedlythisisthemosttragicincidentinthe21stcentury.
●Itisundoubtedthatthisisthemosttragicincidentinthe21stcentury.
●句式
●１、句子结构的准确性；
●结构完整
●主谓一致
●时态正确
●句式：
结构完整
●主谓宾Ilovewriting.
●主谓Heagrees.
●主系表Iamhappy.
●1.什么能作主语？
●名词
●名词性词组
●代词
●动名词
●Doingbusinessisonethinganddoinggoodbusinessisanother.
●Itisnoneofyourbusiness.
●不定式
●Tohelpothersistohelpyourself.
●名词性从句
●Whattheforeigneraskedpuzzledme.
●Itissignificantthatyoubringawallettoarestaurantwithyourgirlfriend.
●简单句的基本结构
●⒉什么词能作谓语？
●动词
●①实义动词
●②情态动词+动词原形
●can/could，will/would，shall/should，may/might，must/need
●haveto，oughtto，usedto…
●③助动词+动词原形/分词
●do，have…
●3.什么词能作宾语？
●同主语
●4.什么词能作系动词？
●be¶
¯
´
Ê
º
●am£
is£
are£
was£
were
●be,being£
been
●感官动词：
●feel£
look£
sound£
smell£
taste
●Seem,appear
●become,get,turn,grow,fall
●go,come
●译为还是/维持：
●remain,keep,hold,rest,stay,continue,prove
●5.什么词能作表语？
●形容词
●代词（宾格）
●介宾短语
●Thelaptopisonmylaptop.
●名词性从句——表语从句
主谓一致
●①单复数主谓一致
●②主从句主谓一致
●Whenattheageofeight，Mr.Hu’sfatherbegantoteachhimtoclimbtrees.
●WhenMr.Huwasattheageofeight£
hisfatherbegantoteachhimtoclimbtrees.
●Whenattheageofeight£
Mr.Huwastaughttoclimbtreesbyhisfather.
●２、句子结构的复杂性：
●各类从句
●——名词从句、定语从句、状语从句
●分词结构
●其他高级语法现象
●句子的合并
●1.逻辑连词
●2.非限定性定语从句和分词结构
●3.成分的整合
●句子的合并：
逻辑连词
●五大逻辑关系之连词：
●并列：
●and，or，neither…nor，either…or…，notonly…but（also）
●因果：
●because，as，since，for,forthereasonthat;
so
●转折：
●but，yet，although，eventhough，though
●对比：
●while，whereas
●Heislazywhilesheisdiligent.
●Althoughitisrainingheavily,theflowerinsidethegreenhousebloomswhilethesameflowerwithers/fadeswhenitismovedoutsidewithoutanyprotection.
●条件：
●If;
when，while;
aslongas，providedthat;
unless
●Providedthatyoumasterallthewords,youwilldefinitelypasstheexam.
●，连词.
●.副词，.
●因果副词：
●therefore，asaresult，consequently
●转折副词：
◆however，instead，onthecontrary，bycontrast，unfortunately，infact，toone’ssurprise
非限定从和分词结构
●非限定性定语从句
●FilialpietyisavirtueofChinesepeople.Thevirtuehasbeenabandoned.
●Filialpiety,whichisavirtueofChinesepeople,hasbeenabandoned.
●分词结构之主动
●XueFengwenttogiveaclass，havingdrunktwotinsofRedBullVitaminDrinksbefore.
●分词结构之被动
●Hewasscoldedbyhismotherforbeinglazy/hislaziness.Hewasfullofremorse.
●Scoldedbyhismotherforbeinglazy,hewasfullofremorse.
非限定从和分词结构练习之一
●1.TheHuskyischainedtothetree.
●TheHuskyisbarkingnoisily.
●TheHusky,whoischainedtothetree，isbarkingnoisily.
●TheHusky，whoisbarkingnoisily，ischainedtothetree.
●Barkingnoisily，theHuskyischainedtothetree.
●TheHusky，barkingnoisily，ischainedtothetree.
●Chainedtothetree，theHuskyisbarkingnoisily.
●TheHusky，chainedtothetree，isbarkingnoisily.
非限定从和分词结构练习之二
●2.LaoYuhasfailedmanytimes.
●LaoYudeemsthathewillsucceedintheend.
●LaoYu，whohasfailedmanytimes，deemsthathewillsucceedintheend.
●LaoYu，whodeemsthathewillsucceedintheend，hasfailedmanytimes.
综合练习
●Anoldmanlivedinasmallhousealone，whichwasonthetopofahighmountain.
●Amanlivedinahouse.Hewasold.Helivedalone.Thehousewassmall.Thehousewasonamountain.Themountainwashigh.Thehousewasonthetop.
●Onedayhewaspullingweeds.Hesawsomething.Achickenwaseatinghisgrain.Thegrainwasnew.Hecaughtthechicken.Heputherinapen.Thepenwasunderhiswindow.Heplannedsomething.Hewouldeatthechickenforbreakfast.
●Oneday，themanwaspullingweedswhenhesawachickeneatinghisnewgrain.Hecaughtthechickenandputherinapenunderhiswindow，planningtoeatherforbreakfast.
●句子的拓展
●名词:
◆⑴加形容词
●小修饰：
1个词，放在名词前
●大修饰：
>
1个词，放在名词后
●的前有动词——定语从句
●Ms.Liu,whoisenthusiasticabouttravelling,ismyteacher.
●⑵加插入语：
逗号（或破折号）之间
●①词：
同位语，因果或转折副词
●Thishobby,however,bringshertroubles.
●句子的拓展：
插入同位语
●可以放在任何名词的后面——名词或名词词组
●人：
身份、职业（务）
●物：
性质、用途、功能
●Ms.Liuisgivingaclass.
●刘→一位老师→ateacher
●刘→一位新东方的老师→ateacherinNeworientalSchool
◆Ms.Liu，awritingteacherinNeworientalSchool，isgivingaclass.
●一节信息量很大的课
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