evolution of the greater vancouver transportation modelWord格式.docx

evolution of the greater vancouver transportation modelWord格式.docx

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13thAnnualInternationalEMME/2User’sConference

Houston,Texas

October28-30,1998

by

KarolyKrajczar

GreaterVancouverRegionalDistrict

Burnaby,B.C.

1.Introduction

ThispaperprovidesanoverviewoftheevolutionoftheGreaterVancouverRegionalDistrict（GVRD）TransportationModelandfocusesontherecentenhancementsthatwerecompletedin1998aspartoftheGVRD’sTransportationModelEnhancementProgram.Thispaperdescribeshowtheimprovementswereidentifiedandprioritizedandprovidesasummaryofthemodelenhancements.Theotherpapersinthissessionwillelaborateonthreeofthemajorenhancements（Transitcaptivity,HOV,ParkandRide）.

2.EvolutionoftheGreaterVancouverTransportationModel

The1970’s

TheGVRDhasalonghistoryinthedevelopmentandapplicationoftransportationmodelsdatingbacktothemid-1970’s.In1975,theGVRD’sfirstcomputer-basedtransportationmodelwasdevelopedinconjunctionwiththeUniversityofBritishColumbia（UBC）ComputerScienceDepartment.Themodelconsistedof125trafficzones,aroadandtransitnetworkandalgorithmstoimplementatraditionalfour-steptransportationplanningmodelforthemorningpeakperiod.SpecializedsoftwarewaswrittentoimplementthemodelontheUBCmainframecomputer.Themodelhadlimitedgraphicalcapabilities,withoutputconsistingprimarilyoftablesoflinkvolumesandotherattributedata.

In1979,themodelunderwentasignificantre-calibrationinpreparationfortheGVRDRapidTransitProjectwhichwasacomprehensivesetofstudiesoffuturerapidtransitlinesandtechnologyoptionsfortheGVRD.Atthistime,thetrafficzonesystemwasexpandedto152zones,thetransitassignmentalgorithmwasenhancedandthefour-stepmodelwasre-calibrated.Themodelwascalibratedusingtraveldatafromthe1978NorthVancouverOrigin-DestinationSurveyandaseriesofstudiesbytheCityofVancouverincludingthe1975DowntownVancouverODSurvey,the1976TransitStudyandthe1977CordonSurvey.

The1980’s

In1983,theGVRDconductedacomparativereviewoftransportationmodellingsoftware.TheGVRD’sexistingsoftware（developedin-house）wascomparedwiththeFederalHighwayAdministration’sUrbanTransportationPlanningSystem（UTPS）andINROConsultantsEMME/2.ThereviewcommitteeselectedEMME/2andtheGVRDbecamethesecondNorthAmericansitetoobtainEMME/2（Portland,Oregonwasthefirstsite）.

In1984themodelwasre-calibratedinconjunctionwiththeimplementationofEMME/2.Thetrafficzonesystemwasexpandedto370zones,roadandtransitnetworkswereupdatedandthefour-stepmodelwascalibratedto1981Censusdatawhichcontainedtheplaceofwork-placeofresidencesurvey.Significantchangestothemodelstructureincludedtheintroductionoftime-spaceequationsforautoworktripsandcombinedimpedanceforworktripdistribution.Atthistime,theGVRDpurchasedthePixelcomputer（a32-bitmicrocomputer）toreducethehighcomputingcostsassociatedwithrunningthemodelatUBC.InthosedaysthemacrolanguagewasnotavailableinEMME/2andthemodelequationswereentereddirectlyintothematrixcalculator（eachmatrixcalculationtookabout30minutesanda15iterationassignmentrequiredapproximately14hoursofcomputingtime）.

In1985,acomprehensivesetof24hourtravelsurveyswasconductedtoprovideadescriptionoftravelpatternsintheGVRDpriortoSkyTrain.Theprojectincludeda25,000householdtelephoneinterviewsurvey（afivepercentsampleofthe522,000householdsintheVancouverCMA）,a1,700householdtripdiarysurvey（a0.3percentsample）,trafficscreenlinecounts,anexternalcordonsurveyandataxiandbusinesstravelsurvey.Datafromthehouseholdsurveyiscontainedinaseriesofthreereports.

Between1986and1987,themodelwasre-calibratedtothe1985surveydata.Thetrafficzonesystemwasincreasedslightlyto380zones,networkswereupdatedandthefourstepmodelwasre-calibrated.Themodelwasthenvalidatedtopost-Skytrainconditionsin1987.Althoughseveralmajornewfacilitieshadbeenintroducedtotheregionbetween1985and1987（e.g.Skytrain,AlexFraserBridge,theEast-WestFreewayinRichmond）,themodelcomparedcloselywith1987screenlinecounts.

Oneofthefirstapplicationsofthenewregionalmodelwastoexaminetheimpactsoflong-termgrowthonmajortransportationfacilitiesbytheCityofRichmond.Thefindingsofthisstudyshowedthatwithcurrenttrendslandusemanyofthemajorrivercrossingswouldbeatcapacityby1996.ThisstudyresultedinaninitiativebyRichmondcounciltorequestthattheprovinceleadacomprehensiveinter-agencystudyonlanduseandtransportationfortheGVRD.

Atthesametime,manyoftheGVRDmunicipalitiesbegantodeveloptheirownsub-areatransportationmodelsthatcontainedmoredetailedzonesystemsandnetworkstodealwithmunicipaltransportationplanning.Burnaby,Surrey,Coquitlam,RichmondandNorthVancouverweresomeofthefirstmunicipalitieswiththeirownsub-areamodels.ManyofthesemodelswereafternoonpeakperiodmodelsasopposedtotheGVRDmorningpeakperiodmodel.Thesub-areamodelswererunbydialing-intotheGVRDPixelcomputer.

In1988,theCityofVancouverandGVRDconductedaregionaltruckingsurvey.Informationfromthissurveywasusedtocalibratea24hourtruckmodel.Thismodelprovidedinformationontwocategoriesoftruckmovements-lighttruckswithaGVWof4,500-20,000kgandheavytruckswithaGVWover20,000kg.

DuetoincreaseddemandsonEMME/2,adecisionwasmadein1989totransferfromthePixelcomputertotheGVRDVAXcomputer.AmultipleEMME/2VAXlicensewaspurchasedfromINROConsultantsInc.whichprovidedmunicipalitiesandgovernmentagencieswithbetteraccesstotheirmodels.Theresultwasasignificantincreaseinspeedandexpandedusebyvariousagencies.

Amajor1989studytomakeextensiveuseoftheregionalmodelwastheFreedomtoMove-GreaterVancouverTransportationTaskForcestudy.Thisstudy,whichwassponsoredbytheProvincialGovernmentandtheGVRD,producedanintegratedtransportationplanfortheGVRDtotheyear2001.

The1990s

In1991,theregionalmodelandtruckmodelwerevalidatedtocurrentconditions.Thevalidationprocessincludedexpandingthetrafficzonesystemto445zones,updatingthelanduseinputsandnetworksandsomemodificationstothefour-stepmodelandsignificantchangestothetruckmodelstructure.Duringthevalidationexercise,theGVRDdecidedtotransferEMME/2fromtheVAXtothePC.Again,thereasonbeinglowercosts,betteraccesstothemodelsandfastercomputingtimeforusers.

ThisworkwasdoneinpreparationforTransport2021whichwastheregion’sfirstlong-rangetransportationplanwithassociatedpoliciesonlanduse,transportationdemandmanagement（TDM）andinvestmentprioritiesfortransitandroad.Transport2021wasatwoyearprojectthatmadeextensiveuseoftheregionalmodelfortestinglandusescenarios,TDMstrategiesandroadandtransitnetworks.

In1992theGVRD,BCTransitandtheMinistryofTransportationandHighwaysjointlyfundedamajorhouseholdtravelsurveyforthemorningpeakperiod（6:

00-9:

00a.m.）.Thistelephonesurveycollecteddatafrom15,000households（atwopercentsampleofthe690,000householdsintheLowerMainland-LionsBaytoChilliwack）withinformationonmorethan25,000morningtrips.Oneoftheprimaryobjectivesofthissurveywastocollectdatarequiredtore-calibratetheregionalmodeltocurrentmorningconditions.Thiswasfollowedbya24hourtripdiarysurveyin1994.Thiswasamail-backsurveythatcollectedinformationfrom1,600households（0.2percentsampleofthe740,000householdsintheLowerMainland）withinformationonmorethan11,000tripsthroughouttheday.Thetripdiarywasdesignedtocollectbaselineinformationforregionalplanningpurposes,aswellasforcalibratinganafternoonpeakperiodtransportationmodel.

Inlate1994,theProvince,GVRDandBCTransitembarkedonafollow-upstudytoTransport2021calledtheSouthCoastTransportationSystemPlan.ThisstudywasintendedtoprovideamoredetaileddescriptionoftheinfrastructurerequirementsidentifiedinTransport2021.Ataboutthesametime,BCTransitwasinvolvedinthedevelopmentoftheir10YearPlanandinaMultipleAccountEvaluationofRapidTransitOptionsfortheGVRD.BothofthesestudiesmadeextensiveuseoftheregionalmodelandtheGVRDtruckmodel.

In1995,theGVRDconductedare-calibrationofthemodeltothe1992TravelSurvey.Insummary,thetrafficzonesystemwasexpandedfrom445zonesto652zones,theroadnetworkwasexpandedfrom7,400to13,000links,thetransitnetworkwasupdatedandnewintersection-basedvolume-delayfunctionswereintroduced,replacingtheoldBureauofPublicRoads（BPR）functions.

In1996,theGVRDestablishedtheTransportationModelEnhancementProgramtoaddresstheevolvingneedsofthemodel-usersintheregion.Thefirststepinvolvedupdatingthemodelto1996conditions,developingapreliminaryPMTransportationModel,collectingadditionaldataandidentifyingfuturemodelenhancements.Theidentificationoffuturemodelenhancementsinvolvedinputfromconsultants,municipalandprovincialstaff.Thisfeedbackwascategorizedandprioritized（dependinguponneed,dataavailability,difficulty,cost,inter-dependencies,etc.）.Theresultwasashort,mediumandlong-termmodellingresearchprogramthatfocusesonmodelenhancement,modelexpansion,usersupportanddatacollection.

Theshort-termworkprogramwascompletedin1998andinvol