柔性制造中英文翻译外文文献翻译.docx

柔性制造中英文翻译外文文献翻译.docx

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柔性制造中英文翻译外文文献翻译

FlexibleManufacturing

Asanintroductiontothesubsequentdiscussionsofproductionsystemsandadvancedmanufacturingtechnologiesitisusefultopresentadefinitionofthetermmanufacturingsystem.Amanufacturingsystemcanbedefinedasaseriesofvalue-addingmanufacturingprocessesconvertingtherawmaterialsintomoreusefulformsandeventuallyfinishedproducts.

Inthemodernmanufacturingsetting,flexibilityisanimportantcharacteristic.Itmeansthatamanufacturingsystemisversatileandadaptable,whilealsocapableofhandlingrelativelyhighproductionruns.Aflexiblemanufacturingsystemisversatileinthatitcanproduceavarietyofparts.Itisadaptablebecauseitcanbequicklymodifiedtoproduceacompletelydifferentlineofparts.

Aflexiblemanufacturingsystemisanindividualmachineorgroupofmachinesservedbyanautomatedmaterialshandlingsystemthatiscomputercontrolledandhasatoolhandlingcapability.Becauseofitstoolhandlingcapabilityandcomputercontrol,suchasystemcanbecontinuallyreconfiguredtomanufactureawidevarietyofparts.Thisiswhyitiscalledaflexiblemanufacturingsystem.

AFMStypicallyencompasses:

*Processequipmente.g.,machinetools,assemblystations,androbots

*Materialhandlingequipmente.g.,robots,conveyors,andAGVs（automatedguidedvehicles）

*Acommunicationsystem

*Acomputercontrolsystem

Flexiblemanufacturingrepresentsamajorsteptowardthegoaloffullyintegratedmanufacturing.Itinvolvesintegrationofautomatedproductionprocesses.Inflexiblemanufacturin,theautomatedmanufacturingmachineandtheautomatedmaterialshandlingsystemshareinstantaneouscommunicationviaacomputernetwork.Thisisintegrationonasmallscale.

Flexiblemanufacturingtakesamajorsteptowardthegoaloffullyintegratedmanufacturingbyintegratingseveralautomatedmanufacturingconcepts:

*Computernumericalcontrol（CNC）ofindividualmachinetools

*Distributednumericalcontrol（DNC）ofmanufacturingsystems

*Automatedmaterialshandlingsystems

*Grouptechnology（familiesofparts）

Whentheseautomatedprocesses,machines,andconceptsarebroughttogetherinoneintegratedsystem,anFMSistheresult.HumansandcomputersplaymajorrolesinanFMS.Theamountofhumanlaborismuchlessthanwithamanuallyoperatedmanufacturingsystem,ofcourse.However,humansstillplayavitalroleintheoperationofanFMS.Humantasksincludethefollowing:

*Equipmenttroubleshooting,maintenance,andrepair

*Toolchangingandsetup

*Loadingandunloadingthesystem

*Datainput

*Changingofpartsprograms

*Developmentofprograms

Flexiblemanufacturingsystemequipment,likeallmanufacturingequipment,mustbemonitoredforbugs,malfunctions,andbreakdowns.Whenaproblemisdiscovered,ahumantroubleshootermustidentifyitssourceandprescribecorrectivemeasures.Humansalsoundertaketheprescribedmeasurestorepairthemalfunctioningequipment.Evenwhenallsystemsareproperlyfunctioning,periodicmaintenanceisnecessary.

Humanoperatorsalsosetupmachines,changetools,andreconfiguresystemsasnecessary.ThetoolhandlingcapabilityofanFMSdecreases,butdoesnoteliminateinvolvementintoolchangingandsetup.ThesameistrueofloadingandunloadingtheFMS.Oncerawmaterialhasbeenloadedontotheautomatedmaterialshandlingsystem,itismovedthroughthesystemintheprescribedmanner.However,theoriginalloadingontothematerialshandlingsystemisstillusuallydonebyhumanoperators,asistheunloadingoffinishedproducts.

Humansarealsoneededforinteractionwiththecomputer.HumansdeveloppartprogramsthatcontroltheFMSviacomputers.TheyalsochangetheprogramsasnecessarywhenreconfiguringtheFMStoproduceanothertypeofpartorparts.Humansplaylesslabor-intensiverolesinanFMS,buttherolesarestillcritical.

ControlatalllevelsinanFMSisprovidedbycomputers.IndividualmachinetoolswithinanFMSarecontrolledbyCNC.TheoverallsystemiscontrolledbyDNC.Theautomatedmaterialshandlingsystemiscomputercontrolled,asareotherfunctionsincludingdatacollection,systemmonitoring,toolcontrol,andtrafficcontrol.Human/computerinteractionisthekeytotheflexibilityofanFMS.

1HistoricalDevelopmentofFlexibleManufacturing

Flexiblemanufacturingwasborninthemid-1960swhentheBritishfirmMolins,Ltd.DevelopeditsSystem24.System24wasarealFMS.However,itwasdoomedfromtheoutsetbecauseautomation,integration,andcomputercontroltechnologyhadnotyetbeendevelopedtothepointwheretheycouldproperlysupportthesystem.ThefirstFMSwasadevelopmentthatwasaheadofitstime.Assuch,itwaseventuallydiscardedasunworkable.

Flexiblemanufacturingremainedanacademicconceptthroughtheremainderofthe1960sand1970