考博英语501docWord格式文档下载.docx
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二、Passage1(总题数:
1,分数:
5.00)
Distanceeducationisenrollmentandstudywithaneducationalinstitutionthatprovideslessonmaterialspreparedinasequentialandlogicalorderforstudybystudentsontheirown.Wheneachlessoniscompleted,thestudentmailsortransmitstheassignedworktotheinstitutionforcorrection,grading,comment,andsubjectmatterguidancebyqualifiedinstructors.Correctedassignmentsarereturnedpromptlytothestudent.Thisexchangeprovidesapersonalizedstudent-teacherrelationship.Ifastudentslowshisorherpaceorfailstosendassignments,theschoolprovidesencouragement.Althoughsomeinstitutionsprovideemploymentplacementinformationandassistance,noreputableschooleverguaranteesajobtograduates.
Distanceeducationandself-studyaredifferent.Self-studymaterialsprovidenoinstructionalservice.Correctedassignments,examinations,andspecialhelpprovidedbyaqualifiedfacilityarevitaltoagoodlearningsituation.However,thesearenotpartofself-study.Therearemanyself-studycoursesandrecordingsavailable,andtheymayhavevalue,buttheyclearlyarenotcorrespondenceordistanceeducationcourses.Someinstitutionsoffercombinationcoursesthatprovidetraining-in-residenceforstudentswhocompletetheirdistanceeducationlessons.In-serviceoron-the-jobtrainingisrequiredorprovidedwithothercoursesandisafeatureofmanyvocationaldistanceeducationprograms.
Qualitydistanceeducationinstitutionsscreenprospectivestudentstoassurethatonlythosewhocanbenefitfromthecoursesareenrolled.Whilethereareeducationalprerequisitesforsomeacademicsubjects,interestandaptitudearetheprimaryfactorsleadingtosuccessinmostdistanceeducationcourses.Becausetheyprovidealternativeeducationalopportunities,distanceeducationinstitutionstrynottodenyaprospectivestudenttheopportunitytosucceedinacourse;
interestandexperiencearegoodindicatorsoffutureSuccess.
Distanceeducationcoursesvarygreatlyinscope,level,andlength.Somehavefewlessonsandrequireonlyweekstocomplete,whileothershaveahundredormoreassignmentsrequiringthreeorfouryearsofconscientiousstudy.Also,awidevarietyofsubjectsisoffered.Subjectsincludeyachtdesign,accounting,medicaltranscription,nutrition,robotics,travelagenttraining,gunrepair,gemidentification,computerprogramming,cateringandcooking,andearninganentirehighschooldiploma,justtonameafew.
Thereisanincreasingrecognitionof"
distanceeducation"
andmanycollegesoffercreditfortheirdistancelearningcoursesoracceptsomedistanceeducationcreditsofresidentstudentsworkingtowardadegree.Infact,manydistanceeducationinstitutionsawardtheirownacademicdegrees.Acceptanceofstudentsandawardingofacademiccreditistheprerogativeofthereceivingacademicinstitution.Also,theemployingorganizationmaysetitsowncreditacceptancepolicies.
(分数:
(1).Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageseektoanswer?
1.00)
A.Whyisdistanceeducationimportanttothemodernsociety?
B.Whatisdistanceeducation?
C.Howdoesdistanceeducationdifferfromself-study?
D.Howisdistanceeducationdifferentfromcollegeeducation?
(2).Whichofthefollowingistrueofdistanceeducation?
A.Themajorityofthestudentsfailtopassitsexaminations.
B.Personaltutorsareassignedtostudentstoofferregularhelp.
C.Teachersandstudentscommunicatethroughcorrespondence.
D.Thecoursesaresetuptosuitthepaceofeachindividualstudent.
(3).Distanceeducationisdifferentfromself-studyinthatit______.(分数:
A.providestraining-in-residenceforstudents
B.caterstotheinterestofeachindividualstudent
C.isavailabletovastmajorityofstudents
D.offersinstructionalservicetostudents
(4).Inthethirdparagraph,theword"
prospective"
probablymeans______.(分数:
A.intelligent
B.future
C.successful
D.hardworking
(5).Itisimpliedinthepassagethatstudentsofdistanceeducation______.(分数:
A.enjoygreaterfreedominchoosingthesubjectstostudy
B.donothavetomeetanyenrollingrequirementatall
C.takelongertocompletetheirstudythancollegestudents
D.canusuallyentercollegetoworktowardadegree
三、Passage2(总题数:
Researchershavestudiedthepoorasindividuals,asfamiliesandhouseholds,asmembersofpoorcommunities,neighborhoodsandregions,asproductsoflargerpoverty-creatingstructures.Theyhavebeenanalyzedasvictimsofcrimeandcriminals,asmembersofminoritycultures,aspassiveconsumersofmasscultureandactiveproducersofa"
counterculture"
asaneconomicburdenandasareservearmyoflabor—tomentionjustsomeofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch.
Theelites,whooccupythesmallupperstratumwithinthecategoryofthenon-poor,andtheirfunctionsintheemergenceandreproductionofpovertyareasinterestingandimportantanobjectforpovertyresearchasthepoorthemselves.Theeliteshaveimagesofthepoorandofpovertywhichshapetheirdecisionsandactions.Sofar,littleisknownaboutthoseimages,exceptastheyaresketchilyportrayedinpopularstereotypes.Theelitesmaywellignoreordenytheexternaleffectsoftheirownactions(andomissions)uponthelivingconditionsofthepoor.Manysocialscientistsmaytakeaverydifferentview.Aspovertyemergedandwasreproduced,legalframeworkswerecreatedtocontaintheproblemsitcausedwithprofound,andlargelyunknown,consequencesforthepoorthemselves.Ingeneral,political,educationalandsocialinstitutionstendtoignoreorevendamagetheinterestsofthepoor.Inconstructingaphysicalinfrastructurefortransport,industry,tradeandtourism,thesettlementsofthepoorareoftenthefirsttosufferortobeleftstandingandexposedtopollution,noiseandcrowding.
Mostimportantaretheeconomicfunctionsofpoverty,as,forlackofotheroptionsthepoorareforcedtoperformactivitiesconsidereddegradingorunclean.Thepooraremorelikelytobuysecond-handgoodsandleftoverfoodstuffs,thusprolongingtheireconomicutility.Theyarelikelytousetheservicesoflow-qualitydoctors,teachersandlawyerswhomthenon-poorshyawayfrom.Povertyandthepoorserveanimportantsymbolicfunction,inremindingcitizensofthelotthatmaybefallthosewhodonotheedthevaluesofthrift,diligenceandcleanliness,andoftheconstantthreatthattherough,theimmoralandtheviolentrepresentfortherestofsociety.
Physically,thepoorandthenon-poorarekeptapart,throughdifferentiallanduseandghettoization.Socially,theyareseparatedthroughdifferentialparticipationinthelabormarket,theconsumptioneconomy,andinpolitical,socialandculturalinstitutions.Conceptually,theyaredividedthroughstereotyping-andmediacliche.Thisseparationisevenmorepronouncedbetweentheelitesandthepoor.
(1).Accordingtotheauthor,studyingtheelitesalsoshedslightonpovertyresearchbecause______.(分数:
A.theyarealsomembersofthesamesocietyasthepoor
B.theyplayanimportantroleincreatingandreproducingpoverty
C.solutionofthepovertyproblemisattheirmercy
D.theyknowthelivingconditionsofthepoorbetterthanothergroups
(2).Whilesocialscientistsaredevotingmuchoftheirefforttopovertyresearch,______.(分数:
A.notenoughlegalframeworkshavebeencreatedtorelievetheconditionofthepoor
B.theyhavedonelittletoactuallyprovidereliefprogramsforthepoor
C.theyignoretheroleoftheelitesasanobjectforpovertyresearch
D.thepoorpeoplethemselvesdonotmuchappreciatesucheffort
(3).Intheeyesofthesociety,______.(分数:
A.thepoortendtosymbolizewhatlazyandevilpeopleturnouttobe
B.thepoorarenotworthyofthesympathythesocietyshowsthem
C.economicprejudiceismoreofanobstacletothesolutionofpoverty
D.thenon-poorshouldshowmoresympathyforthepoor
(4).Theword"
pronounced"
inthelastsentenceofthepassageprobablymeans______.(分数:
A.sympathetic
B.conspicuous
C.identifiable
D.unbridgeable
(5).Inthepassage,theauthorismainlyconcernedwith______.(分数:
A.analyzingaproblem
B.providingasolution
C.definingasituation
D.outliningaproposal
四、Passage3(总题数:
IndustrialproductionmanagerscoordinatetheresourcesandactivitiesrequiredtoproducemillionsofgoodseveryyearintheUnitedStates.Althoughtheirdutiesvaryfromplanttoplant,industrialproductionmanagerssharemanyofthesamemajorresponsibilities.Theseresponsibilitiesincludeproductionscheduling,staffing,procurementandmaintenanceofequipment,qualitycontrol,inventorycontrol,andthecoordinationofproductionactivitieswiththoseofotherdepartments.
Theprimarymissionofindustrialproductionmanagersisplanningtheproductionschedulewithinbudgetarylimitationsandtimeconstraints.Theydothisbyanalyzingtheplant'
spersonnelandcapitalresourcestoselectthebestwayofmeetingtheproductionquota.Industrialproductionmanagersdetermine,oftenusingmathematicalformulas,whichmachineswillbeused,whethernewmachinesneedtobepurchased,whetherovertimeorextrashiftsarenecessary,andwhatthesequenceofproductionwillbe.Theymonitortheproductionruntomakesurethatitstaysonscheduleandcorrectanyproblemsthatmayarise.
Industrialproductionmanagersalsomustmonitorproductstandards.Whenqualitydropsbelowtheestablishedstandard,theymustdeterminewhystandardsarenotbeingmaintainedandhowtoimprovetheproduct.