考博英语501docWord格式文档下载.docx

考博英语501docWord格式文档下载.docx

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二、Passage1（总题数：

1，分数：

5.00）

Distanceeducationisenrollmentandstudywithaneducationalinstitutionthatprovideslessonmaterialspreparedinasequentialandlogicalorderforstudybystudentsontheirown.Wheneachlessoniscompleted,thestudentmailsortransmitstheassignedworktotheinstitutionforcorrection,grading,comment,andsubjectmatterguidancebyqualifiedinstructors.Correctedassignmentsarereturnedpromptlytothestudent.Thisexchangeprovidesapersonalizedstudent-teacherrelationship.Ifastudentslowshisorherpaceorfailstosendassignments,theschoolprovidesencouragement.Althoughsomeinstitutionsprovideemploymentplacementinformationandassistance,noreputableschooleverguaranteesajobtograduates.

Distanceeducationandself-studyaredifferent.Self-studymaterialsprovidenoinstructionalservice.Correctedassignments,examinations,andspecialhelpprovidedbyaqualifiedfacilityarevitaltoagoodlearningsituation.However,thesearenotpartofself-study.Therearemanyself-studycoursesandrecordingsavailable,andtheymayhavevalue,buttheyclearlyarenotcorrespondenceordistanceeducationcourses.Someinstitutionsoffercombinationcoursesthatprovidetraining-in-residenceforstudentswhocompletetheirdistanceeducationlessons.In-serviceoron-the-jobtrainingisrequiredorprovidedwithothercoursesandisafeatureofmanyvocationaldistanceeducationprograms.

Qualitydistanceeducationinstitutionsscreenprospectivestudentstoassurethatonlythosewhocanbenefitfromthecoursesareenrolled.Whilethereareeducationalprerequisitesforsomeacademicsubjects,interestandaptitudearetheprimaryfactorsleadingtosuccessinmostdistanceeducationcourses.Becausetheyprovidealternativeeducationalopportunities,distanceeducationinstitutionstrynottodenyaprospectivestudenttheopportunitytosucceedinacourse;

interestandexperiencearegoodindicatorsoffutureSuccess.

Distanceeducationcoursesvarygreatlyinscope,level,andlength.Somehavefewlessonsandrequireonlyweekstocomplete,whileothershaveahundredormoreassignmentsrequiringthreeorfouryearsofconscientiousstudy.Also,awidevarietyofsubjectsisoffered.Subjectsincludeyachtdesign,accounting,medicaltranscription,nutrition,robotics,travelagenttraining,gunrepair,gemidentification,computerprogramming,cateringandcooking,andearninganentirehighschooldiploma,justtonameafew.

Thereisanincreasingrecognitionof"

distanceeducation"

andmanycollegesoffercreditfortheirdistancelearningcoursesoracceptsomedistanceeducationcreditsofresidentstudentsworkingtowardadegree.Infact,manydistanceeducationinstitutionsawardtheirownacademicdegrees.Acceptanceofstudentsandawardingofacademiccreditistheprerogativeofthereceivingacademicinstitution.Also,theemployingorganizationmaysetitsowncreditacceptancepolicies.

（分数：

（1）.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageseektoanswer?

1.00）

A.Whyisdistanceeducationimportanttothemodernsociety?

B.Whatisdistanceeducation?

C.Howdoesdistanceeducationdifferfromself-study?

D.Howisdistanceeducationdifferentfromcollegeeducation?

（2）.Whichofthefollowingistrueofdistanceeducation?

A.Themajorityofthestudentsfailtopassitsexaminations.

B.Personaltutorsareassignedtostudentstoofferregularhelp.

C.Teachersandstudentscommunicatethroughcorrespondence.

D.Thecoursesaresetuptosuitthepaceofeachindividualstudent.

（3）.Distanceeducationisdifferentfromself-studyinthatit______.（分数：

A.providestraining-in-residenceforstudents

B.caterstotheinterestofeachindividualstudent

C.isavailabletovastmajorityofstudents

D.offersinstructionalservicetostudents

（4）.Inthethirdparagraph,theword"

prospective"

probablymeans______.（分数：

A.intelligent

B.future

C.successful

D.hardworking

（5）.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatstudentsofdistanceeducation______.（分数：

A.enjoygreaterfreedominchoosingthesubjectstostudy

B.donothavetomeetanyenrollingrequirementatall

C.takelongertocompletetheirstudythancollegestudents

D.canusuallyentercollegetoworktowardadegree

三、Passage2（总题数：

Researchershavestudiedthepoorasindividuals,asfamiliesandhouseholds,asmembersofpoorcommunities,neighborhoodsandregions,asproductsoflargerpoverty-creatingstructures.Theyhavebeenanalyzedasvictimsofcrimeandcriminals,asmembersofminoritycultures,aspassiveconsumersofmasscultureandactiveproducersofa"

counterculture"

asaneconomicburdenandasareservearmyoflabor—tomentionjustsomeofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch.

Theelites,whooccupythesmallupperstratumwithinthecategoryofthenon-poor,andtheirfunctionsintheemergenceandreproductionofpovertyareasinterestingandimportantanobjectforpovertyresearchasthepoorthemselves.Theeliteshaveimagesofthepoorandofpovertywhichshapetheirdecisionsandactions.Sofar,littleisknownaboutthoseimages,exceptastheyaresketchilyportrayedinpopularstereotypes.Theelitesmaywellignoreordenytheexternaleffectsoftheirownactions（andomissions）uponthelivingconditionsofthepoor.Manysocialscientistsmaytakeaverydifferentview.Aspovertyemergedandwasreproduced,legalframeworkswerecreatedtocontaintheproblemsitcausedwithprofound,andlargelyunknown,consequencesforthepoorthemselves.Ingeneral,political,educationalandsocialinstitutionstendtoignoreorevendamagetheinterestsofthepoor.Inconstructingaphysicalinfrastructurefortransport,industry,tradeandtourism,thesettlementsofthepoorareoftenthefirsttosufferortobeleftstandingandexposedtopollution,noiseandcrowding.

Mostimportantaretheeconomicfunctionsofpoverty,as,forlackofotheroptionsthepoorareforcedtoperformactivitiesconsidereddegradingorunclean.Thepooraremorelikelytobuysecond-handgoodsandleftoverfoodstuffs,thusprolongingtheireconomicutility.Theyarelikelytousetheservicesoflow-qualitydoctors,teachersandlawyerswhomthenon-poorshyawayfrom.Povertyandthepoorserveanimportantsymbolicfunction,inremindingcitizensofthelotthatmaybefallthosewhodonotheedthevaluesofthrift,diligenceandcleanliness,andoftheconstantthreatthattherough,theimmoralandtheviolentrepresentfortherestofsociety.

Physically,thepoorandthenon-poorarekeptapart,throughdifferentiallanduseandghettoization.Socially,theyareseparatedthroughdifferentialparticipationinthelabormarket,theconsumptioneconomy,andinpolitical,socialandculturalinstitutions.Conceptually,theyaredividedthroughstereotyping-andmediacliche.Thisseparationisevenmorepronouncedbetweentheelitesandthepoor.

（1）.Accordingtotheauthor,studyingtheelitesalsoshedslightonpovertyresearchbecause______.（分数：

A.theyarealsomembersofthesamesocietyasthepoor

B.theyplayanimportantroleincreatingandreproducingpoverty

C.solutionofthepovertyproblemisattheirmercy

D.theyknowthelivingconditionsofthepoorbetterthanothergroups

（2）.Whilesocialscientistsaredevotingmuchoftheirefforttopovertyresearch,______.（分数：

A.notenoughlegalframeworkshavebeencreatedtorelievetheconditionofthepoor

B.theyhavedonelittletoactuallyprovidereliefprogramsforthepoor

C.theyignoretheroleoftheelitesasanobjectforpovertyresearch

D.thepoorpeoplethemselvesdonotmuchappreciatesucheffort

（3）.Intheeyesofthesociety,______.（分数：

A.thepoortendtosymbolizewhatlazyandevilpeopleturnouttobe

B.thepoorarenotworthyofthesympathythesocietyshowsthem

C.economicprejudiceismoreofanobstacletothesolutionofpoverty

D.thenon-poorshouldshowmoresympathyforthepoor

（4）.Theword"

pronounced"

inthelastsentenceofthepassageprobablymeans______.（分数：

A.sympathetic

B.conspicuous

C.identifiable

D.unbridgeable

（5）.Inthepassage,theauthorismainlyconcernedwith______.（分数：

A.analyzingaproblem

B.providingasolution

C.definingasituation

D.outliningaproposal

四、Passage3（总题数：

IndustrialproductionmanagerscoordinatetheresourcesandactivitiesrequiredtoproducemillionsofgoodseveryyearintheUnitedStates.Althoughtheirdutiesvaryfromplanttoplant,industrialproductionmanagerssharemanyofthesamemajorresponsibilities.Theseresponsibilitiesincludeproductionscheduling,staffing,procurementandmaintenanceofequipment,qualitycontrol,inventorycontrol,andthecoordinationofproductionactivitieswiththoseofotherdepartments.

Theprimarymissionofindustrialproductionmanagersisplanningtheproductionschedulewithinbudgetarylimitationsandtimeconstraints.Theydothisbyanalyzingtheplant'

spersonnelandcapitalresourcestoselectthebestwayofmeetingtheproductionquota.Industrialproductionmanagersdetermine,oftenusingmathematicalformulas,whichmachineswillbeused,whethernewmachinesneedtobepurchased,whetherovertimeorextrashiftsarenecessary,andwhatthesequenceofproductionwillbe.Theymonitortheproductionruntomakesurethatitstaysonscheduleandcorrectanyproblemsthatmayarise.

Industrialproductionmanagersalsomustmonitorproductstandards.Whenqualitydropsbelowtheestablishedstandard,theymustdeterminewhystandardsarenotbeingmaintainedandhowtoimprovetheproduct.