戴云写作笔记Word文档格式.docx

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戴云写作笔记Word文档格式.docx

开头4“引语”+论题+各方观点(和理由)+作者论点和理由

主题句

必须是陈述句必须表面观点不要直接写事实由观点到事实

态度必须坚决每段都要有主题句通常位于段首或段末

结尾

总结全文(论点+各方观点)+重述论点和理由+提出建议/解决问题/深化意义

把对方的优点移植到己方,把己方的观点消灭掉,提出实施方案和注意事项

深化意义=展望未来+对国家社会的好处

黄金规则一–Thelonger,thebetter

⑴每一个论点都要有理由

⑵每一个理由都要有例子

⑶每一个例子都要有细节

黄金规则二----------“万金油”

生命、财产安全、健康

生活便利---detail(交通、娱乐、吃喝)

成就感(压力动力、自信、荣誉感)

环保(生态平衡、污染detail)

交流(家人、朋友、同学同事、领导)

教育(schooling,prepostschooling)、培训(training)

心理情感乐趣(广告人美设计好我喜欢,自己的喜好也能成为理由)

经验与习惯(自身的)

经济(税收,GDP)

品格(宽容、谦虚、乐观、坚强、海伦凯勒飘10年)

国家文明

黄金规则三重述语意的技巧

⑴使用同义词进行替换

⑵使用同根词进行替换

Oppose-opposition

Build-building

Announce-announcement

Explain-explanation

⑶使用短语进行替换

(Support)arguefor/votefor/beinfavorof

(Oppose)argueagainst/voteagainst/objectto/beopposedto

⑷使用全新的表达法进行替换

Acompanyhasannouncedthatitwishestobuildalargefactorynearthecommunity.

----------alargefactoryissupposedtobuiltnearthecommunityaccordingtotheannouncementissuedbyacompany.

Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewinfluenceonyourcommunity.

------Thereisagrowingawarenessofboththepositiveandnegativeinfluencesthattheconstructionplanbringstoourcommunity.

黄金规则四-黄金句型pricelesssentencepatterns

超酷超炫超难句型大比拼

注意:

主题句尽可能2-1格式细节提升

每个段落开头

1.强调句(1-2)

2.Themore…,themore(1-2)

Themorefrequentlywecommunicatewithfamilymembers,themoreharmonioustherelationshipinthefamilybetweenusis.(只要涉及交流都可以用)

3.倒装句(2-3)

①So…that….以至于

Sobigistheclassroomthatitmayholdtenthousandpeople.

Sofastdoesherunthatthetraincouldn’tcatchupwithhim.

②As…as(more…than…)比较结构

Irunasfastashedid-----Irunasfastasdidhe.

③表示地点、位置、范围、处所的状语或表语提前至句首

Mysisterisamongthosestudents.----Amongthosestudentsismysister.

④分词或形容词短语提前至句首

主语(+定语)+be+形容词/过去分词/不及物动词现在分词+介词+名词

主语(+定语)+be+及物动词现在分词+n.

E.g.Contraryto/coincidentwiththeopinionofmanypeopleismyheartfelt(忠心的)objectionto/agreementwiththeideathatstudentsshouldstudytogetherwithclassmates.

Thosepeople/parentswhoholdtheopinionthatmoneyistheonlysymbolofsuccessaresatisfiedwith/contentedwith/interestedin/worriedabout/opposedtotheirchildrenfindingahigh-payingandlong-workingjob.------------Satisfiedwith/contentedwith/interestedin/worriedabout/opposedtotheirchildrenfindingahigh-payingandlong-workingjobarethosepeople/parentswhoholdtheopinionthatmoneyistheonlysymbolofsuccess

Arguingforthosestudentslivingoutsidethecampusarethosepeoplewhoholdtheopinionthatindependenceisthemostcriticalcharacteristicofauniversitystudent

⑤形容词+though/as+主语+谓语+主句

Richthoughheis,heisunhappy.

Thoughtheadvantages(thatowningabusinessenjoys/leadsto/resultsin)areconsiderable/wonderful/numerous,theycannotcompetewiththebenefits(thatworkingforothersbringsabout/causes),when/ifresponsibilityistakenintoconsideration/deliberation/account.

Thoughtheadvantagesthatlivinginoutsidethecampusenjoysareconsiderable,theycannotcompetewiththebenefitsthatlivingininsidethecampusbringsabout,whensafetyistakenintoconsideration.(通常用在第一段的最后一句话提出文章论点和理由,2-1文章的承上启下部分或文章的结尾)----------------------------considerablethoughtheadvantagesthatlivinginoutsidethecampusenjoysare,theycannotcompetewiththebenefitsthatlivingininsidethecampusbringsabout,whensafetyistakenintoconsideration.

⑥表示否定的副词或短语+助动词+主语+谓语+其他成分

No/not/never/Neither/nor/(全部否定)

seldom/rarely/barely/scarcely/hardly(部分否定)

NeverwillIformanideathatbicyclesaffecthumanbeings’lifestylemostprofoundlyamongalltransportationmeans.

⑦Only+状语置于句首+助动词+主语+谓语+其他成分

OnlythoughthiscrisisdoIunderstandthatyoulovemebestintheworld.

3.比较结构和倍数关系(1-2)

As…as…

AisfivetimesasbigasB

AisfivetimesbiggerthanB

AisfivetimesthesizeofB.

4.修辞问句(1-2)

Whenhumanbeingsenjoytheirhappylife,isn’titnecessarythattheygivesomeconsiderationtothosecuteanimalswithoutenoughplayingground?

Whenthosepeopleenjoytheirhappylifeoutsidecampus,isn’titnecessarythattheygivesomeconsiderationtothegreatopportunitieswiththeirclassmatesiftheyliveinsidecampus?

Whenthosepeopleenjoyconveniencebroughtbyautomobiles,isn’titnecessarythattheygivesomeconsiderationtotheheavilypollutedairandthosepeoplewhoareinjuredseverely(had)inthecaraccidents?

Whenpeopleenjoytheconveniencebroughttheconstructionplan,isn’titnecessarythattheygivesomeconsiderationtotheheavilypollutedairandthosepeoplewhoareinjuredseverelyordieinthecaraccidentbecauseofthetrafficjamaftertheconstructionofthefactory?

5.并列结构(2-3)

Teachingmachinesaredevicesthatcanstoreinstructionalinformation,presentdisplays,receiveresponsefromalearner,andactonthoseresponses.

6.虚拟语气

1阐述各种假定的恶劣后果时,可以使用虚拟语气。

Ifwebuiltafactoryinourcommunity,therewouldbemuchpollution.

2表示建议时,可以使用虚拟语气。

Isuggesthe(should)gonow

③论及不太可能会实现或不可能会实现或不希望会实现的事情时,可以使用虚拟语气。

7.插入语(2-3次)

重要的插入语列举:

●indeed,surely,(however,nevertheless,nonetheless,admittedly,notwithstanding)转折,意思完全一样,obviously,besides,furthermore,briefly,similarly,

●honestly\frankly\generally(speaking),

naturally,luckily\fortunately,astonishingly,conversely,undeniably,undoubtedly

●strangetosay,needlesstosay,mostimportantofall,worseofall

●insum\short\summary,inotherwords,inasense,ingeneral,inmyview\opinion\judgment,

●inconsequence,inconclusion

●inthefirstplace,inaddition

●Onthecontrary,incontrast

●tomyjoy\delight\satisfaction\surprise\astonishment\amazement\regret\disappointment,

●ofcourse,

●forinstance\example,

●infact,asamatteroffact

●tobesure,tosumup,totellthetruth,tostartwith,

●Iamsure,Ibelieve\wonder\suppose,itseems,asIseeit,whatisimportant(serious),I’mafraid,itissaid

语言的雕琢

聪明的cleverbrilliantsmartintelligentwisegeniusbrighttalentedgiftedquick-wittedquick-mindedingenious头韵(首字母一致)

非常veryextremelyextraordinarilyhighlyunusuallyprettyconsiderablyremarkablyamazinglyastonishinglysurprisinglyimpressivelynoticeablenotablydramatic~ly

著名的well-knownfamednotedcelebratedrenownedeminentprestigiousextinguishedbeofN

Enjoyanation-wide/world-widefame/name/recognition/

Celebrity/eminence/reputationbewidelyrecognizedacknowledged

关于regardingconcerninginvolvingasregardsrelatingtowithrespecttowithregardtowithreferencetowithrelationto

E.g.:

Concerningthisissue,asfarasIamconcerned,

Ithinkyouareveryfamousandclever

Frommypointofview,youareextraordinarilywell-knownandintelligent.

文章中禁止使用的项目

About,get,famous,clever,very,lovely,good,bad,big,many,important

在每个名词前,试图加上一个形容词;

在每个形容词前,试图加上一个副词

词汇选择的标准

Understandable

Acceptable

Correcte.g.aslim/ampleopportunitytakecareofyourself

Playwright(剧作家)dinosaurs老土

Gain/obtain/accumulate/acquireknowledge(获得知识)NOget

Appropriate

Exact

Idiomatic(地道的、合乎语言习惯的)

Interesting

段落的实现

⑴例证法每个理由后面必须同时有例子每篇文章至少两个例子

提出论点-列举事例-分析事例-得出结论-(重述论点)我认为-因为我觉得-比如说-你看

举例之后一定要强调这样的例子不胜枚举。

AbrahamLincoln

⑵因果法提出论点-原因-分析条件(如果这样会有什么好处/坏处,而这正是我们所需要/担心的)-得出结果

Leadto/resultin

resultfrom

Becauseof/dueto/thanksto/owingto/byreasonof/onaccountof

For表示“因为”时不能放在句首

Because/for/since/as

Asaresult/outcome/consequenceof

Inconsequence/intheend/consequently

Therefore/thereby/hence/thus(副词)

So(连词)

⑶比较对照法(整体、分项比较)

整体比较的好处:

写起来容易整体印象完整缺点:

两者对比不鲜明

分项比较的好处:

两者对比特别鲜明缺点:

零碎的印象,大量的重复

Interweave交织

⑷分类法/并列法

总论点

分论点一在A方面在B方面在C方面

分论点二

分论点三

⑸定义法

衔接手段

使用连接词和短语(表示并列、转折、递进、因果、比较、对照、举例)

使用代词

使用语意粘连

举例:

同意建工厂

常用词汇和结构

表示第一项

Firstly,tobegin/startwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,ontheonehand,themostimportantreasonis,firstandforemost

另一项secondly,inthesecondplace,ontheotherhand,besides,furthermore,additionally,inaddition,moreover,equallyimportantis,also,too,another

最后一项lastbutnottheleast,mostimportantofall,finally,thirdly,anotherpoint/reason

题型分类:

⑴观点选择给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面,要求支持其中一个观点或者观点的一个方面。

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatements:

parentsarethebestteachers带有绝对性的题目,驳论更好写

⑵比较对比类给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面,要求进行比较论述,并给出个人观点

Ithasbeensaid,”Noteverythingthatislearnediscontainedinbooks”compareandcontrastknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithknowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,whichsourceismoreimportant?

Why?

⑶自定义类考试频率最低、难度最大

Youhavetheopportunitytovisitaforeigncountryfortwoweeks.Whichcountrywouldyouliketovisit?

Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.

给出一个范围或论题要求自己确定观点并论述、正面反面都可以写

如何审题:

确定题目的类别(题材/题型)

确定切入点,寻找绝对词汇(never/conly/anything/best)和其他带有限制性含义的词语(形容词、介词短语)

列提纲时间短于两分钟

简短提纲=观点+理由+闪现的句子和名言

主体框架

1+1支持面+2个支持理由两点论述

2+1(两种)A型支持面优点2点的充分论述+反对面的缺点一点的简略改进(自由选室友or学校决定)

B型支持面的理由两点充分论述+支持面的另一个理由简略论述

2-1(两种)-重点推荐

A.支持面优点两点充分论述+反对面优点一到两点的简略改进

B.讨论点的优点两点充分论述+讨论点的缺点一到两点论述

折中方案

各种题型的框架

观点选择类:

1+1、2+1、2-1、折中方案

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