华东师大心理测量复习资料.docx

华东师大心理测量复习资料.docx

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华东师大心理测量复习资料

　　Sagesdon'tgetintodisputesinthefirstplacebecausetheygivetootherswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.Itisasiftheyholdthelefthalfofthelendingagreement-thelender'scopy-butdonotuseittoextractloanpaymentsfromtheborrower.

　　Thosewhopossessvirtuearelikethesages.Metaphoricallyspeaking,theyalsoholdthelefthalfofthelendingagreement.Theygive;theydonottake.

　　Thosewholackvirtuearelikethetaxcollectors.Itisasiftheyholdthecollectionsnoticeoverotherpeople.Theytakefromeveryoneandgivetonoone.

　　Giventhisisthecase,howcanitbethatgeneroussoulsprosperwhilemisersseemtobeforeverpinchingpennies?

Shouldn'tthosewhoonlytakeendupwithmorethanthosewhoonlygive?

　　ItisnotbecausetheTaoplaysfavoritesandtreatsgivingpeoplebetter.Itisbecausethekarmicprinciple-theLawofCauseandEffect-ensuresthatthosewhogiveinaccordancewiththeTaowillalwaysreceiveabundantly.

　　Notes

　　WhentheancientChinesepeoplebeganbuildingtheircivilizationsomefivethousandyearsago,theyfoundthemselvesinneedofawaytokeeptrackofdebts.

　　Themethodhadtosomehowbeproofagainstforgery,solesstrustworthyindividualswouldn'tborrowfundsandthendenyitorclaimasmalleramount.Also,thiswasbackinthedaysbeforetheinventionofpaper,sothatmadetheproblemevenmoredifficult.

　　Whattheycameupwithwasclever.Lenderandborrowerwouldgetapieceofwoodortreebark,andcarvetherecordoftheirtransactionandagreementonit.Then,thiscontractwouldbesplitapartinthemiddle.Theleftpartgoestothelender;therighttotheborrower.

　　Thus,theleftsideofthecontractisthelender'sproofthathehasarighttodemandpayments.Whentheloanhasbeenpaid,thelendergivestheleftsidetotheborrower,thusmakingthecontractwhole.

　　Becausethetearinthewoodorbarkisuneven,itservesastheperfectandnaturalwaytoauthenticate.Aforgedleftsidewillneverbeabletomatchtherightside-abrilliantsolution.

　　TheTaoofGiving

　　SomeonewhogivesinaccordancewiththeTaoobservesthefollowingguidelines:

　　1）Appropriateamount.Taocultivatorswouldnotgivesomuchthattheydamagetheirownabilitytocontinuegivinginthefuture.Theimportantthingistobelikeasmallstreamthatkeepsflowing,asopposedtoanupendedbarrelthatsplasheswatereverywhereandhasnomoretogive.

　　2）Detachment.Taocultivatorsgivewithnoexpectationsorattachments.Theygiveonlyforthesakeofgiving,nottowinrecognitionorshowcasetheirgenerosity.

　　3）Basedonneed.Taocultivatorslookforopportunitieswheregivingwouldmakethemostsignificantdifferenceforsomeoneinneed.Inasnowstorm,theywoulddelivercoaltosomeonewhohastroublestayingwarm.Thismaynotbeveryexpensivetodo,butithasmeaningfortherecipientthatispriceless.

　　4）Notnecessarilytangible.Taocultivatorsrecognizethatmaterialthingsandmonetaryvaluesarenottheonlywaystogive.Theyarealsoreadytogiveanencouragingword,acheerygreeting,asmile,ablessing,apatontheback,ahelpinghand,recognition,forgiveness,courtesy,praise....Theworldisfullofwonderfulwaystogive.

　　80

　　Smallcountry,fewpeople

　　Letthemhavemanyweaponsbutnotusethem

　　Letthepeopleregarddeathseriously

　　Andnotmigratefaraway

　　Althoughtheyhaveboatsandchariots

　　Theyhavenoneedtotakethem

　　Althoughtheyhavearmorsandweapons

　　Theyhavenoneedtodisplaythem

　　Letthepeoplereturntotyingknotsandusingthem

　　Savortheirfood,admiretheirclothes

　　Contentintheirhomes,happyintheircustoms

　　Neighboringcountriesseeoneanother

　　Hearthesoundsofroostersanddogsfromoneanother

　　Thepeople,untiltheygrowoldanddie

　　Donotgobackandforthwithoneanother

　　Theidealplaceisasmallcountrywithfewpeopleinit.Thisplaceisfreeofconflictandstrife.Eventhoughtheyhavehundredsofmilitaryinstruments,theydon'tneedtousethem.Thepeopletreatlife-and-deathissueswithseriousregard,anddonotneedtorisktheirlivesinadangerousmigrationtofarawayplaces.

　　Peaceprevailsinsuchaplace,soeventhoughthepeoplehaveboatsandchariots,theyhavenoneedtousethemtogetawayfromthiscountry.Similarly,eventhoughtheyarenopacifistsandpossessarmorsandweapons,theyhavenoneedtoshowaggressionbyputtingthemondisplay.

　　Thepeoplelivesimplyandreturntotheoldwayoflife.Theymakefulluseofsimplesolutions,suchastyingknotstorecordevents.Theirfoodisnotelaborate,buttheyfinditdelicious;theirclothesarenotextravagant,andyetbeautifulintheirelegantsimplicity.Theirhomesarenotluxurious,buttheyfeelcontent,safeandcomfortableinthem.Theircustomsaredown-to-