四川大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题Word文档格式.docx
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2.1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处,否则不给分。
3.翻译和作文请答在答题纸上,答在试题上不给分。
书写要求字迹清楚、工整。
I.ReadingComprehension(30%;
onemarkeach)
Directions:
Readthefollowingsixpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;
yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.
Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;
theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.
Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.
AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?
Certainlynot.Problemstheneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,abureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaxima,productionandconsumptionareendsinthemselves,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisendandshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.
1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis____.
[A]anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible
[B]workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety
[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety
[D]ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly
2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat____.
[A]theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs
[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife
[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence
[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence
3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose____.
[A]whoareatthebottomofthesociety
[B]whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus
[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors
[D]whocoulddipfirawayfromthiscompetitiveworld
4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould____.
[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors
[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees
[C]enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities
[D]takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted
5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof____.
[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction
[C]suspicion[D]susceptibility
PassageTwo
Thegovernment-runcommandpostinTunisisstaffedaroundtheclockbymilitarypersonnel,meteorologistsandcivilians.Onthewallaremaps,crisscrossedwithbrightlycolorsarrowsthatpainstakinglytrackthefearsomepathoftheenemy.
Whatkindofinvadergivesrisetosuchhigh-levelmonitoring?
Notman,notbeast,butthelowlydesertlocust(蝗虫).Inrecentmoths,billionsofthe3-inch-longwingedwarriorshavedescendedonAlgeria,Libya,MoroccoandTunisia,blackeningtheskyandeatingupcropsandvegetation.Theinsectinvasion,theworstin30years,isalreadycreatinggreatdestructionintheMiddleEastandisnowtreatingsouthernEurope.Thecurrentcrisisbeganinlate1985neartheRedSea.UnusuallyrainyweathermoistenedthesandsoftheSu