美国大城市的生与死中英文.docx
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美国大城市的生与死中英文
美国大城市的生与死(中英文)
«美国大城市的生与死»
(THEDEATHANDLIFEOFGREATAMRICANCITIES)
美国女作家简.雅各布斯(JaneJacobs)
1Introduction
(1)Thisbookisandattackoncityplanningandrebuilding.Itisalso,andmostly,anattempttointroducenewprinciplesofcityplanningandrebuilding,differentandevenoppositefromthosenowtaughtineverythingfromschoolsofarchitectureandplanningtotheSundaysupplementsandwomen’smagazines.Myattackisnotbasedonquibblesaboutrebuildingmethodsorhairsplittingaboutfashionsindesign.Itisanattack,rather,ontheprinciplesandaimsthathaveshapedmodern,orthodoxcityplanningandrebuilding.(2002.2.8)
(2)Insettingforthdifferentprinciples,Ishallmainlybewritingaboutcommon,ordinarythings:
forinstance,whatkindsofcitystreetsaresafeandwhatkindsarenot;whysomecityparksaremarvelousandothersarevicetrapsanddeathtraps;whysomeslumsstayslumsandotherslumsregeneratethemselvesevenagainstfinancialandofficialopposition;whatmakesdowntownsshifttheircenters;what,ifanything,isacityneighborhood,andwhatjobs,ifany,neighborhoodsingreatcitiesdo.Inshort,Ishallbewritingabouthowcitiesworkinreallife,becausethisistheonlywaytolearnwhatprinciplesofplanningandwhatpracticesinrebuildingcanpromotesocialandeconomicvitalityincities,andwhatpracticesandprinciplewilldeadentheseattributes.(2002.2.8)
译文:
介绍
(1)这是一本抨击现今城市规划和改造的书。
应该说书中的大多数内容,尝试着介绍新的城市规划和改造原则,这些原则不同于学校里所传授的东西,不同于周日特刊的计划,也不同于从妇女杂志中所看到的,甚至是与那些原则完全相反的。
我的抨击并不是以关
(3)Thereisawistfulmyththatifonlywehadenoughmoneytospend—thefigureisusuallyputatahundredbilliondollars—wecouldwipeoutallourslumsintenyears,reversedecayinthegreat,dull,graybeltsthatwereyesterday’sandday-before-yesterday’ssuburbs,anchorthewanderingmiddleclassanditswanderingtaxmoney,andperhapsevensolvethetrafficeproblem.(2002.2.9)
(4)Butlookwhatwehavebuiltwiththefirstseveralbillions:
Low-incomeprojectsthatbecomeworsecentersofdelinquency,vandalismandgeneralsocialhopelessnessthantheslumstheyweresupposedtoreplace.Middle-incomehousingprojectswhicharetrulymarvelsofdullnessandregimentationsealedagainstanybuoyancyorvitalityofcitylife.Luxuryhousingprojectsthatmitigatetheirinanity,ortryto,withavapidvulgarity.Culturalcentersthatareunabletosupportagoodbookstore.Civiccentersthatareavoidedbyeveryonebutbums,whohavefewerchoicesofloiteringplacethanothers.Commercialcentersthatarelacklusterimitationsofstandardizedsuburbanchain-storeshopping.Promenadesthatgofromnoplacetonowhereandhavenopromenaders..Expresswaysthateviscerategreatcities.Thisisnottherebuildingofcities.Thisisthesackingofcities.(2000.2.9)
(3)有一种理想的“神话”,前提是我们拥有足够的资金——通常得上百亿美金——我们便可在十年内清除所有的贫困区,隐藏起从前城市中那些庞大、阴暗、沉闷地带内所呈现出的衰败景象,转而安置飘泊的中产阶级,沉淀及其附带的游离资金,这样甚至可以解决交通问题。
(2002.2.10永远的埃及译)
(4)现在看看我们用一开始的几十亿作了什么:
低收入居民区变成了错误,破坏艺术行为和社会绝望的中心,代替了贫民窟给社会带来的影响。
中层收入居民区的无趣和对一切轻快和有活力的城市生活的管辖让人觉得惊奇。
奢华的小别墅妄图用一种粗俗的设计手法区减轻他们的愚蠢。
文化中心里不能找到一个好的书店。
除了流浪汉谁都不愿意去城市中心,因为那里是少数几个能供他们闲逛的场所。
商业中心是标准的郊区连锁店的翻版。
散步道不知位于何处,当然见不到散步的人,高速公路变成了城市的精华部分。
这不是对城市的改造,这是对城市的毁坏。
(2002.2.11benbentiao译)
(5)Underthesurface,theseaccomplishmentsproveevenpoorerthantheirpoorpretenses.Theyseldomaidthecityareasaroundthem,asintheorytheyaresupposedto.Theseamputatedareastypicallydevelopgallopinggangrene.Tohousepeopleinthisplannedfashion,pricetagsarefastenedonthepopulation,andeachsorted-outchunkofprice-taggedpopulacelivesingrowingsuspicionandtensionagainstthesurroundingcity.Whentwoormoresuchhostileislandsarejuxtaposedtheresultiscalled“abalancedneighborhood.”Monopolisticshoppingcentersandmonumentalculturalcenterscloak,underthepublicrelationshoohaw,thesubtractionofcommerce,andofculturetoo,fromtheintimateandcasuallifeofcities.(2002.2.10)
(6)Thatsuchwondersmaybeaccomplished,peoplewhogetmarkedwiththeplanners’hexsignsarepushedabout,expropriated,anduprootedmuchasiftheywerethesubjectsofaconqueringpower.Thousandsofsmallbusinessesaredestroyed,andtheirproprietorsruined,withhardlyagestureatcompensation.Wholecommunitiesaretornapartandsowntothewinds,withareapingofcynicism,resentmentanddespairthatmustbeheardandseentobebelieved.AgroupofclergymeninChicago,appalledatthefruitsofplannedcityrebuildingthere,ask,
(7)CouldjobhavebeenthinkingofChicagowhenhewrote:
(8)Herearementhataltertheirneighbor’slandmark…shoulderthepooraside,conspiretooppressthefriendless.
(5)事实上,这些整治比它们那些有够衰的pretense们更衰.它们极少如它们的理论所臆断的那样,在自身周围增加新的城市环境.相反,这些从城市机体上截下来的部分往往发育成急性坏疽:
在时尚的"规划"指导下,居民人口被贴上"价格"的标签,塞进某处组团.而每一坨甄选出来带着价标的人口,则在与周围城区日益增长的怀疑与紧张关系中生长.如果两个以上