英美文学术语解释Word文件下载.docx
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01、Humanism（人文主义）
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance、
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itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife、Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders、
02、Renaissance（文艺复兴）
Theword“Renaissance”means“rebirth”,itmeantthereintroductionintowestermEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceandRome、
theessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanism、Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismandreformation、
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therealmainstreamoftheenglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithwilliamshakespearebeingtheleadingdramatist、
03、Metaphysicalpoetry（玄学派诗歌）
Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne、
witharebelliousspirit,theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry、
thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech、4>
theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife、
04、Classcism（古典主义）
Classcismreferstoamovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceandRome、Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,andplacesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder、Classicism,withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes、
05、Enlightenment（启蒙运动）
EnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressivephilosophicalandartisticmovementwhichflourishedinfranceandsweptthroughwesternEuropeinthe18thcentury、
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissancefrom14thcenturytothemid-17thcentury、
itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas、
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itcelebratedreasonorrationality,equalityandscience、Itadvocateduniversaleducation、
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famousamongthegreatenlightenersinenglandwerethosegreatwriterslikeAlexanderpope、Jonathanswift、etc、
06、Neoclassicism（新古典主义）
Inthefieldofliterature,theenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks、
thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism、TheNeoclassicistsheldthatformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriterssuchasHomerandVirgilandthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones、
theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity、
07、TheGraveyardSchool（墓地派诗歌）
TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcenturywhosepoemsaremostlydevotedtoasentimentallamentationormeditationonlife、Pastandpresent,withdeathandgraveyardasthemes、
ThomasGrayisconsideredtobetheleadingfigureofthisschoolandhisElegywritteninacountrychurchyardisitsmostrepresentativework、
08、Romanticism（浪漫主义）
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Inthemid-18thcentury,anewliterarymovementcalledromanticismcametoEuropeandthentoEngland、
Itwascharacterizedbyastrongprotestagainstthebondageofneoclassicism,whichemphasizedreason,orderandelegantwit、Instead,romanticismgaveprimaryconcerntopassion,emotion,andnaturalbeauty、
Inthehistoryofliterature、Romanticismisgenerallyregardedasthethoughtthatdesignatesaliteraryandphilosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandexperience、4>
TheEnglishromanticperiodisanageofpoetrywhichprevailedinEnglandfrom1798to1837、ThemajorromanticpoetsincludeWordsworth,ByronandShelley、
09、ByronicHero（拜伦式英雄）
Byronicheroreferstoaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin、
withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisByronicHerowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety、Andwouldrisesingle-handedly
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