英国文学史及作品选读Chapter 3Word下载.docx

英国文学史及作品选读Chapter 3Word下载.docx

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（1）TheHundredYearsWar（1337-1453）:

TheresultofthewarwasanawakeningofnationalconsciousnessinEngland.AndtheFrenchlanguagewasgraduallyreplacedbyEnglishnativetongue.

（2）Thepeasantuprisingof1381:

Itwastheresultoftheconflictbetweenthepeasantsandfeudallords.（3）1360-1400ThesummitofMiddleEnglishliterature:

2011-6-192

2.ThetwocontemporariesofChaucer:

JohnWycliff:

The“FatherofEnglishprose”.HetranslatedtheBibleintoMiddleEnglish.WilliamLangland:

TheVisionofPiersPlowman.Anallegory.2011-6-193

3.GeoffreyChaucer（ca.1343-1400）Life:

Bornurbanmiddleclass；

Intheserviceoftherulingclass；

ThediplomaticmissionthatsentChaucertoItalyin1372wasamilestoneinhisliterarydevelopment.HehaddirectcontactwiththeItalianRenaissance.PerhapsheacquiredmanuscriptsofworksbyDante,Petriarch,andBoccaccio.2011-6-194

4.TheCanterburyTales:

（1）TheCanterburyTalesisoneofthelandmarksofEnglishliterature,perhapsthegreatestworkproducedinMiddleEnglish;

ThestructureofTheCanterburyTalesisindebtedtoBoccaccio&

#39;

sDecameron;

2011-6-195

（2）ThesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales:

a.ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime;

b.Thedramaticstructureofthepoemishighlycommended;

c.Chaucer’sgentlesatireandmildironymadehimapioneeringEnglishhumoristwriter;

d.ChaucerwroteintheLondondialectofhisday.InsodoingChaucergreatlyincreasedtheprestigeoftheEnglishlanguage.2011-6-196

5.“TheGeneralPrologue”Theprologueisasplendidmasterpieceofrealisticportrayal,thefirstofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliteratureSummery:

AsAprilcomes,thenarratorbeginsapilgrimagetoCanterburyfromtheTabardInnatSouthwerk.TwentyninepeoplemakethepilgrimagetowardCanterburyandthenarratordescribestheminturn.TheHost,aboldandmerryman,suggeststhatontheirwaytoCanterburyeachpilgrimtelltwotales,andonthewaybacktwomore.Theydrawlotstodecidewhowilltellthefirsttale.2011-6-197

InTheGeneralPrologue,Chaucersetsupthegeneralstructureofthetalesandintroduceseachofthecharacterswhowilltellthetales.Thecharacterswhotelleachofthetalesareasimportantasthecharactersinthetalesthattheytell;

asignificantportionoftheactionofTheCanterburyTalestakesplacewithintheprologuetoeachofthetales.TheGeneralPrologueinessenceservesasaguide.Chauceronlylivedtowrite24tales.Someofthestoriesthatremainareonlyfragmentswhichhaveeitherbeenlostorwerenevercompletedbytheauthor.2011-6-198

6.CharacterAnalysis:

Chaucer’spilgrimnarratorsrepresentawidespectrumofranksandoccupations.Thegreatvarietyoftalesismatchedbythediversityoftheirtellers;

talesareassignedtoappropriatenarratorsandjuxtaposedtobringoutcontrastsingenre,style,tone,andvalues.Thesepilgrimsexistalmostentirelyintermsoftheirprofession.Chaucergivesonlyafewofthemcharacternames.2011-6-199

Thepilgrimnarratorsrepresentawidespectrumofranksandoccupations—diversityThePrioressTheWifeofBath2011-6-1910

TheParsonThePlowmanThePardoner,TheHost2011-6-1911

Notes

（1）prioress:

（MadamEglantyne）Anuninchargeofaprioryorrankingnextbelowtheabbessofanabbey.小女隐修院院长或大女隐修院副院长parson:

AnAnglicanclericwithfulllegalcontrolofaparishunderecclesiasticallaw;

arector.教区牧师英国英车圣公会牧师，在基督教法律下拥有对一个教区的完全的法律控制权；

教区长2011-6-1912

Notes

（2）pardoner:

Amedievalecclesiasticauthorizedtoraisemoneyforreligiousworksbygrantingpapalindulgencestocontributors.出售免罪符的人中世纪获准出售教会的赦免书而为宗教事务筹钱的神职人员2011-6-1913

Socialsignificanceofthework:

TheCanterburyTalesisChaucer’sMasterpieceandoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature.1.giveusatruetolifepictureofhistime.2.heaffirmsmenandopposesthedogmaofasceticismpreachedbytheChurch.3.Asaforerunnerofhumanism,hepraisesman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife.4.Histalesexposeandsatirizetheevilsofhistime,attackdegenerationofthenoble,theheartlessofthejudge,thecorruptionoftheChurchandsoon.2011-6-1914

Chaucer’swritingstyle:

1.Hispoetryisfullofvigorandswiftness.2.HeenrichedthepoeticformsfortheEnglishpoetry.andisthefirstpeoplewhomadethelondonvernacularthelanguageofhisworkandthusmakeitthefoundationformodernspeechandestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.3.Hislanguagestyleisrematkablylexible.Hisproseiseasyandinformal.Hisworksarefullofgenialsatires.2011-6-1915

Chaucer’scontribution:

1.HeintroducedintoEnglandtherhymedstanzasofvariousformstoEnglishpoetryinsteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterateverse,especiallyheroic