美国文学史及选读上册复习资料记录材料Word格式.docx
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B.anindependentaction
C.free-lancewriter自由作家
D.theirindependenceandtheirrighttomakeuptheirownminds
2)Individualistic
A.theirowneffortsforsuccess
B.theinitiative;
notgiveineasily
C.freefrompoliticalprejudiceandideologicalconformity
D.theirliterarycareer;
successfulthroughtheirindividualefforts
E.therightsofindividuals;
theirownrightsandinterest
F.ameansofself-expression;
awayofexpressingtheirpersonalviewsaboutlifeandsociety,ofadvocatingliberty,democracyandindependentactionoftheindividual.
G.adevotiontoself-realization,toprotectionofenvironmentandtosuspicionofamasssocietyandpower
3)Critical
A.notsatisfiedwiththecontemporarysociety
B.questiontheprevailingvalues
C.discernflawsinsociety
D.criticizeAmericansociety
E.aliterarytraditioninAmerica
4)Innovative
A.theleastrestraintsandbondagetothepast
B.thenewideas,newattitudes,andnewculturalfaces
C.experimentsinwriting
D.differentfromothersasmuchaspossible;
anewtrendalmosteverytenyears
E.America’schangingvalues
5)Humorous
A.astrictlynationalcharacteristic;
partoftheirlife,theircharacter,andtheirstyle
B.theludicrousandmirthful
C.enrichAmericanliteraturewithhumorofallkinds
II.NativeAmericanLiterature
1.Background
1)Arichstoreoforalliterature
2)Differentliterarytaste
2.Threestagesofdevelopment
1)TraditionalIndianLiterature
A.thecategoryoforalliterature
B.aregularityofmetricpattern
C.anorganicpartofeverydaylife
D.functional
2)TransitionalIndianLiterature
A.translationsofthegreatIndianorators;
memoirsoftheIndianexperience
B.relatedbyIndianstowhiteaudiences.
3)ModernIndianLiterature
A.novels,shortstories,andpoetry
B.moregoodIndianpoetsthanfictionwriters
C.boththeirrichheritageandtheirtragiclossofidentity
III.LiteratureofColonialSettlements
1)NeitherAmericannorreallyliterature
notAmerican:
theworkmainlyofimmigrantsfromEngland
notliterature:
aninterestingmixtureoftravelaccountsandreligiouswritings
2)Theaustere简朴的PilgrimstoreformtheChurchofEngland
2.Puritanism
1)TheNewEnglandsettlements:
A.religiouscontroversy
B.anurgeforreligiousfreedomanddetermination
C.fleeingfromreligiousandpoliticaloppressionandpersecution
D.humanthirstforgreatereconomicopportunity,forland,andforadventure
2)Puritans-to“purify”thereligiouspracticeinthechurch
3)Theirownreligiousandmoralprinciples
AmericanPuritanism—oneoftheenduringinfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature.
4)Predestination,originalsin,totaldepravity,andlimitedatonement补偿fromGod’sgrace
5)Theirwayoflife—hardwork,thrift,piety,andsobriety
3.Literature(Inthecolonialperiod,muchoftheliteraturewasproducedbyPuritanwriters.)
1)AliteraryexpressionofthePuritanidealism
ThePuritanoptimism—enormousimpactonAmericanliterature
2)Aliteratureofdiscovery
ThepotentialitiesoftheNewWorld;
Theharshreality.
3)Thetypesofwritingproducedinthecolonialsettlementshistories,travelaccounts,biographies,diaries,letters,autobiographies,sermonsandpoems
4)Thepurposeofwriting
torecordtheirexperiencesandtoexpresstheirviewsandfeelings
5)Writersinthisperiodinclude
WilliamBradford(1590-1657),
JohnWinthrop(1588-1631),
AnnBradstreet(1612-1672),oneofthemostinterestingoftheearlypoets
EdwardTaylor(1642-1729).thebestofthePuritanpoets.
AandE:
TheycanbecalledservantsofGod.TheirwritingsservedeitherGodorcolonialexpansion.
Someothercolonialwriterswroteforcivilandreligiousfreedom,andsomewroteforAmericashakingoffthefettersofthesavageBritishcolonialrule.
4.Characteristics
1)utilitarian功利主义的,polemical好争论的,ordidactic说教的
2)teachsomekindoflesson
3)servedeitherGodorcolonialexpansionorboth
4)apracticalconsiderationofthesortimpression
—eachwriterwantedtomakeuponaselectedgroupofreaders
5)symbolismasatechnique
6)plainness
7)fresh,simple,direct,andwithatouchofnobility
8)asmuchaproductofcontinuitiesasanindigenouscreation
补充
AmericanPuritanism
AmericanPuritanismisoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature.
Theterm“puritan”wasfirstappliedtothoseProtes