高考语法填空考点总结说课材料文档格式.docx
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语态(主动语态&
被动语态)
非谓语动词
现在分词
过去分词
不定式
形容词与副词的比较级或最高级
词性转换(名词&
动词&
形容词&
副词)
词义转换(派生词)
纯
空
格
冠词(a/an/the)
介词(in,on,at,behind,for,with,from...)
代词
人称代词(主格&
宾格)
物主代词(形容词性物主代词&
名词性物主代词)
反身代词
指示代词(this,that,these,those)
不定代词(some,other,another,both,...)
疑问代词
连词
从属连词
名词性从句
定语从句
状语从句
并列连词(but,however,so,and,...)
固定短语或句型
有提示词的解题技巧
一:
谓语动词:
若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;
若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。
1.Hisfearoffailure_______(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedexcitedly.kept
2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed
3.Threepeople____(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic..
weretaken
4.Shetoldhimthatshe________(bring)himthewaterintenminutes.wouldbring
二、非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。
若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词、过去分词,还是不定式。
非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。
技巧一:
作主语或宾语,通常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。
1.Butitisnotenoughonly_______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.
解析:
因it是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填tomemorize。
2._____________(speak)outyourfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed.
句中已有谓语won’tmake,所以speak应为非谓语动词;
谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情况,要用动名词短语,故填Speaking。
技巧二:
作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
1.______________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.
因句中已有谓语willhavetowork,所以complete应为非谓语动词;
因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填Tocomplete。
2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_______(succeed).
因在形容词likely后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填tosucceed。
技巧三:
作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词。
这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。
1.Hesawthestone,____________(say)tohimself:
“Thenightwillbeverydark.”
句中已有谓语saw,所给动词与saw不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;
又因He与say是主动关系,故填saying作伴随状语。
2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,______________(follow)bytheforeignguests.
句中已有谓语went,而follow又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;
又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系,故用过去分词作伴随状语。
3.Therewillbeameeting,___________(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.
因ameeting与start是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明ameeting,故填starting。
4.Lessons_______________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.
因句中已有谓语canhelp,所以learn应为非谓语动词;
又因lesson与learn是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填learned。
特别提醒
有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词,而是要求词类转换。
如:
ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.
括号中所给词choose虽然是动词,但在句中作主语,且在形容词性物主代词后,应当填choose的名词形式choice。
谓语动词与非谓语动词的比较练习:
1.Heenteredtheroom,__________(hold)abookinhishand.holding
Heenteredtheroomand_________(hold)abookinhishand.held
2.Ipolitelyrefusedherinvitationand___________(walk)away.walked
Ipolitelyrefusedherinvitation,___________(walk)away.walking
3.Aboy__________(call)Jackcameheretoday.called
Aboywho_____________(call)Jackcameheretoday.wascalled
4.Weenjoythemovie___________(direct)byafamousartist.directed
Weenjoythemoviewhich_______________(direct)byafamousartist.wasdirected
5.WhenI_________(hear)thenews,Iwasexcited.heard
When____________(hear)thenews,Iwasexcited.hearing
6.UnlessI____________(invite),Iwon,tattendtheparty.wasinvited
Unless____________(invite),Iwon’tattendtheparty.invited
3.给出的提示词是形容词或副词
当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词,且根据句义空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词,则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。
1.Heisoneofthe_________(great)manthatIhaveeverknown.greatest
2.____________(luck)thanotherstudentsinherclass,shewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.Luckier
3.Whenheseesotherstudents__________(good)thanhim,heusuallythinkthattheyhavehigherIQ.better
4.Atfirstwewantedtoflybecauseitwouldbe_________(fast)andwouldsaveusmoretime.faster
5.The___________(big)andmostpowerfulanimalintheforestwasthebear.biggest
6.The___________(young)angelwasveryangryandblametheolderangel.younger
解题技巧:
1.若两者之间比较,或者有than,就用比较级
2.不出现than,即省略了“than+比较对象”这种隐含式比较级,要注意语境理解
3.注意“less/least+原级”这样的降级比较
4.若是多者之间比较,或者有in、of等介词短语表示比较范围,要用最高级
5.比较级前可用abit、alittle表示稍稍,一点;
用much、alot表示“……得多”、even表示“更加”
6.as…as…之间用原级
7.最高级前要有the
(1)Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould.Hejumpedeven_________(hard)andnearlymadehimselfout.harder
(2)The______________(strong)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.stronger
(3)Ofthetwocoats,I’dchoosethe_____________(cheap)onetosparesomemoneyforabook.cheaper
(4)Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabit_______________(slow)?
slower
(5)Thiswashingmachineisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseituses__________(little)waterandelectricitythanoldermodels.less
(6)ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetasted______________(good)ifithadbeenputinthefridgefor