Information management Chapter 1 Notes文档格式.docx

Information management Chapter 1 Notes文档格式.docx

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Knowledgeworkers–createormodify/synthesizeknowledgeasafundamentalpartoftheirdailyjobs;

moreformaleducation,continuingeducation,highersalaries,morefreedomandmorecreativityintheirwork,bettercareeropportunities;

~one-fourth（andrising!

）ofthework-forceinU.S.anddevelopingcountries

DataWorkers–usethenewinformationcreatedbyknowledgeworkers

KnowledgeSociety–societywhereeducationisthecornerstoneofsuccess

New/DigitalEconomy,DigitalWorld–societywheretheeconomyisbasedoncreationanduseofInformation（ratherthanindustryoragriculture）,peopleworkwiththeirbrainsratherthantheirhands

DigitalDivide–thosewithaccesstoinformationandtechnology（andknowhowtouseit!

）aremuchmoresuccessfulthanthosewithoutthataccess

A.CharacteristicsoftheDigitalWorld–computersarethecoreofinformationsystems;

manychangeshavebeenbroughtaboutbypowerful,relativelyinexpensive,easy-to-usecomputers;

businesseswantthingsfasterandcheaper,&

informationsystemsenablethis;

NOTE（NOTintext）:

Therearethree（3）waysbossesalwayswantyourwork:

1.Faster,2.Cheaper,3.HigherQuality;

BUT!

!

YouCANNOThaveallthree!

FasterandCheaperdoesnotallowHighQuality;

FasterandHighQualityprecludesCheap;

CheaperandHighQualitywillnotbeFast.

B.TheInformationAgeArrives–threewaves（AlvinToffler）:

FirstWave–agricultureandhandworkcreatednewwealth;

SecondWave–industrialrevolutionwherenewwealthcreatedbymachines;

ThirdWave–informationageiswherenewwealthcomesfromcreationanddisseminationofknowledge.

ComputerLiteracy–knowinghowtouseacomputer

ComputerFluency–knowingwhattodowiththeinformationprovidedbyinformationandtechnology;

thisgoesbeyondcomputerliteracy

CloudComputing（fourthwave?

maybe!

）–technologyispervasivetoday,andmuchofthefunctionalityofapplicationsandsystemsinstalledonindividualcomputersisnowavailable“inthecloud”accessedbyaWebbrowserandcanbeaccessedanytimefromanywhere.

Inset:

WhenThingsGoWrong–Failure:

ThePathtoSuccess?

Thisisalistingoffailedprojects,muchofitfromApple.Notethefinalcommentinthisinset:

“Anycompanywithoutaninterestinglistoffailuresprobablyisn’ttryinghardenough.”Asabusinessmajor,whatdoyouthinkofthisstatement?

Think:

risksvs.benefits;

profitsvs.losses.Thissoundsgreatinatext,butifyouareresponsiblefortheprofitsofyourfirm/department,howmuchriskareyouwillingtotake,andhowmuchriskwillyoursuperiororstockholderspermit?

HowRisk-ProneorRisk-Averseareyouoryourfirm?

II.EvolutionofGlobalization:

theintegrationofeconomiesthroughouttheworld,fundamentallychanginghowpeople,organizations,andcountriesinteract,enabledbyinnovationandtechnology;

Friedmanposesa“flattening”（evening,equaling）oftheworld

1.EconomicChanges–increasesininternationaltrade,globalfinancialsystems&

currency,outsourcing

2.CulturalChanges–increasesinavailabilityofmulticulturalism（somecountrieshavetriedtocloseoutotherculturesand“dangerous”content）andworldwidefads（Facebook,Twitter,YouTube,etc.）

3.TechnologicalChanges–low-costcomputers,communicationtechnology,andcommunicationsystems;

ubiquitousnatureofglobaltelecommunications,enforcementofglobalpatentsandcopyrightstospurfurtherinnovation

A.Globalization1.0–1500–1800–industrychanged,butsoslowlythatpeopledidnotrecognizethechange;

countriesbegantoglobalize,worldwentfrom“largetomedium”

B.Globalization2.0–1800–2000–earlydaysoftechnology,speedofchangeincreased,businessesbegantoglobalize,worldwentfrom“mediumtosmall”

C.Globalization3.0–2000–today–muchfasterpaceofchange,newindustriesbasedontechnologychanges,individuals&

smallgroupsjoinedtheglobalizationmovement,worldwentfrom“smalltotiny”,

1.KeyFactorsEnablingGlobalization:

Enabler1–FalloftheBerlinWall,endofthecoldwar,massiveincreaseinmarketsforcapitalism&

capitalisticbusinesses

Enabler2–ReleaseofNetscapeBrowser–the“killerapp”thatleteveryoneaccesstheInternet（WorldWideWeb）

Enabler3–WorkFlowSoftware–softwaretosoftwareinteractions,transactionsperformedwithouthumanintervention

Enabler4–Uploading–peopleandcompaniesgainedtheabilitytocreateandmodifycontentontheWeb

Enabler5–Outsourcing–movingbusinessprocessesandfunctionstoothercompanies

Enabler6–Offshoring-movingbusinessprocessesandfunctionstoothercountries

Enabler7–SupplyChaining–theuseofinformations