大学英语四级真题与答案解析第二套文档格式.docx

大学英语四级真题与答案解析第二套文档格式.docx

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Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:

oneistotakeajobinacompanyandtheothertogotoagraduateschool.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartⅢ

ReadingComprehension

（40minutes）

SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theoceanisheatingup.That'

stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'

soceansnow26heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.

Warmingwatersareknownto27tocoralbleaching（珊瑚白化）andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea28Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto29Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter30ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury31ofBritishnavalshipstomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,32withcomputersimulations（计算机模拟）,createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel33

About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata34ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysaythey'

re35whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea'

ssurface.

A.absorb

B.Combined

C.Contribute

D.depth

E.emissions

F.excursion

G.explore

H.floor

I.heights

J.indifferent

K.levels

L.mixed

M.picture

N.unsure

O.voyage

SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKids

A）Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation--andhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacks--asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremainspassiveevenwhenitcaneffectchange--astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessness.

B）Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,too.Whydosomestudentsgiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostriveandlearn?

Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople'

sbeliefsaboutwhytheyhadfailed.

C）Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.WhenItoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffortledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.Anothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.Theseexperimentsindicatedthatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessandgeneratesuccess.

D）Later,Idevelopedabroadertheoryofwhatseparatesthetwogeneralclassesoflearners--helplessversusmastery-oriented.Irealizedthesedifferenttypesofstudentsnotonlyexplaintheirfailuresdifferently,buttheyalsoholddifferent"

theories"

ofintelligence.Thehelplessonesbelieveintelligenceisafixedcharacteristic:

youhaveonlyacertainamount,andthat'

sthat.Icallthisa"

fixedmind-set（思维模式）."

Mistakescracktheirself-confidencebecausetheyattributeerrorstoalackofability,whichtheyfeelpowerlesstochange.Theyavoidchallengesbecausechallengesmakemistakesmorelikely.Themastery-orientedchildren,ontheotherhand,thinkintelligenceisnotfixedandcanbedevelopedthrougheducationandhardwork.Suchchildrenbelievechallengesareenergizingratherthanintimidating（令人生畏）;

theyofferopportunitiestolearn.Studentswithsuchagrowthmind-setwered