考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一Word下载.docx
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[A]OnthefirstMondayafterthesecondWednesdayinDecember,theelectorswhohavebeenchoseninNovemberassembleintheirrespectivestatecapitalstosignaltheirpreference.Thefuturepresidentandvice-presidentmustreceiveatleast270electoralvotes,amajorityofthetotalof538,towin.Membersoftheelectoralcollegehavethemoral,butnotthelegal,obligationtovoteforthecandidatewhowonthepopularvoteintheirstate.Thismoralimperative,plusthefactthatelectorsaremembersofthesamepoliticalpartyasthepresidentialcandidatewinningthepopularvote,ensuresthattheoutcomeintheelectoralcollegeisavalidreflectionofthepopularvoteinNovember.
[B]Itisevenpossibleforsomeonetowinthepopularvote,yetlostthepresidencytoanothercandidate.How?
Ithastodowiththeelectoralcollege.
[C]TheelectoralcollegewascreatedinresponsetoaproblemencounteredduringtheConstitutionalConventionof1787,wheredelegatesweretryingtodeterminethebestwaytochoosethepresident.TheframersoftheConstitutionintendedthattheelectors,abodyofmenchosenfortheirwisdom,shouldcometogetherandchooseonbehalfofthepeople.Infact,theswiftriseofpoliticalpartiesguaranteedthattheelectoralofthepeople.Infact,theswiftriseofpoliticalguaranteedthattheelectoralsystemneverworkedastheframershadintended;
instead,nationalparties,i.e.nationwidealliancesoflocalinterests,quicklycametodominatetheelectioncampaigns.Theelectorsbecamemerefigureheadsrepresentingthestatebranchesofthepartieswhogotthemchosen,andtheirvoteswerepredeterminedandpredictable.
[D]Howaretheelectorschosen?
Althoughthereissomevariationamongstatesinhowelectorsareappointed,generallytheyarechosenbythepopularvote,alwaysonthefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayinNovember.Eachpoliticalpartyinastatechoosesastateoflocalworthiestobemembersoftheelectoralcollegeiftheparty’spresidentialcandidatewinsatleastapluralityofthepopularvoteinthestate.
[E]Howisthenumberofelectorsdecided?
EverystatehasoneelectorforeachsenatorandrepresentativeitsendstoCongress.Stateswithgreaterpopulationsthereforehavemoreelectorsintheelectoralcollege.Allstateshaveatleast3electors,butCalifornia,themostpopulousstate,has54.TheDistrictofColumbia,thoughnotastate,isalsoallowedtosendthreeelectors.
[F]Howcanonewinthepopularvoteyetlosethepresidency?
Let’ssimplifyforthesakeofargument:
imaginethatinsteadof50statesAmericahadonlytwo.CaliforniaandMontana.NowsupposethatcandidateAwinsinCaliforniaby9,000,500votesto9,000,400;
the100-votemarginstillgiveshim54electors.ButthencandidateAlosesinMontanaby201,000to205,000,candidateBgetsMontana’selectoralvotes.ThetotalnumberofvotesforAis9,210,500andforB,9,205,400;
yetA,with54electoralvotesoutof57,winstheelection!
[G]America’selectiondayis7November.Onthedaycitizenswhowishtowillcasttheirballotsforthepresidentialcandidatetheyprefer.Theresultofthisprocessiscalledthepopularvote,andthesedaysthewinnerofthepopularvoteisusuallyknownshortlyafterthepollsclose.However,notoneofthevotescastonElectionDayactuallygoesdirectlytoaparticularcandidate.
Order:
G→41.→42.→43.→44.→45.
[试题分析]
这篇文章共分7段,[G]段和[F]段已分别被定为篇首段与篇尾段。
[G]段介绍了美国的大选日,并说每个投票的人都可以把票投给所喜欢的人,这叫普选。
又说在普选中实际上没有一张票是直接投向具体的候选人的。
[F]段解释了为什么会出现假选人在普选中获胜却得不到总统职位的原因,并举了例子加以说明。
从首尾两段可以看出这是一篇介绍美国总统选举的文章,其中解释了一些美国特有的选取举办法。
[G]段末尾说,在普选中,实际上没有一张票是直接投向具体候选人的。
这必然后引起人们的好奇。
[B]段则继续讲了一个更惊人的情况:
某候选人在普选中获胜,但总统宝座却让别人得去了。
显然[B]段是[G]段的继续,所以[B]段排在[G]段后,是41题的答案。
[B]段说,How?
Ithastodowiththeelectoralcollege.[C]段开头说,Theelectoralcollegewascreated…首尾呼应,表示[C]段应接在[B]段后,是42题的答案。
[C]段介绍了electoralcollege(选举团)的情况。
成立选举团的初衷是:
选出一些智囊人士,集中在一起组成选举团代表民意进行总统选举。
实际上选举团从未像宪法制定者们希望的那样运作,他们被一些党派操纵,他们成了各州党派的代言人,他们的选票是预先定好了的。
[E]段进一步讲了选举团的人员构成情总,所以是[C]段的继续,应排在[C]段后,是43题的答案。
[D]段进一步进了选举团成员是怎么选出来的。
他们是由在某州的普选中得票多的总统候选人所在的政党,在该州内挑选出的当地的杰出人换。
显然[D]段应排在[E]段后,是44题的答案。
[A]段讲选举进行的具体情况,及选举中获胜当总统的条件。
[F]段以实便解释了为什么某候选人在普选中获胜却得不到总统职位的原因,也回答了[B]段提出的问题,足以说明[A]段在[F]段前,是45题的答案。
[答案]
41.[B]42.[C]43.[E]44.[D]45.[A]
考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习二
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthe