定语从句讲解与练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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3.
将两个简单句合成一个含定语从句的复合句:
步骤:
①找到先行词;
②确定主句;
(翻译)③在整个从句之前加上引导词,且将从句中的“先行词”去掉,然后放在主句的先行词之后。
(代入)
Example:
①Mr.Smithhadbroughtacar.
Thecarwasdestroyedinanearthquake.
分析:
①先行词car;
②主句:
Thecarwasdestroyedinanearthquake.
③﹎Mr.Smithhadbroughtacar.→which∕thatMr.Smithhadbrought.
结论:
④Thecarwhich∕thatMr.Smithhadbroughtwasdestroyedinanearthquake.
Practice:
①Hewassurprisedatthetrousers.
Hismotherandsistershortenedittwice.
②Thestorywasverylong.
Thestorywastoldbythefamouswriter.
③Englishisalanguage.
Englishiswidelyusedinbusiness.
④Hegavemeabook.
Thebookisofgreatvalue.
⑤Thisisthecar.
Hecamehereinthecar.
⑥Isawthemanjustnow.
Heistheman.
⑦ThehouseisonYan’anRoad.
Maryhasboughtthehouse.
⑧Iusuallytakethebus.
Thebuswasverycrowedyesterday.
定语从句
(二)
引导词归属于从句且在从句中充当一定的成分!
!
(在从句中which,who及that可充当主语或宾语;
而whom只能充当宾语。
)
①
Acountryisanationwhichhasitsowngovernment,landandpopulation.
分析:
从句为whichhasitsowngovernment,landandpopulation.在这不能将引导词which与从句割裂。
由此我们发现引导词which在从句中充当了主语。
②
That’stheplace(that)wevisitedtheotherday.
从句为thatwevisitedtheotherday.引导词that在从句中充当了动词visited宾语。
当引导词在从句中充当宾语时,可以省略引导词。
如例②中引导词that就可以被省略。
在从句中除了先行词必须前置于整个从句,从句中的介词也可前移到引导词之前,但前移后,引导词不可省略且先行词指人时引导词只能用whom;
指物只能用which。
Thisisthebookforwhichheasked.=Thisisthebookwhich/thatheaskedfor.
Thatisthehouseinwhichhelived10yearsago.=Thatisthehouse(which/that)helived
in10yearsago.
(但含有介词的固定的动词短语一般不可拆开。
Thisisthepenwhichhehasbeenlookingfor.不能说成:
Thisisthepenforwhichhehasbeenlooking.
4.
将一个含有定语从句的复合句分拆成两个简单句:
①主句即是一个;
②将从句中的引导词换成先行词,再调整位置即可成为第二个简单句。
Example:
Theladytowhomhesentaletterwasamusician.→
①Theladywasamusician.
②Hesentalettertothelady.
ThemanthatwrotethebookisJack’sfather.→
SheisthesingerwhomImetlastweek.→
③
Isthisthebookwhichyoutalkedaboutyesterday?
→
④
Sheisnotonthetrainwhicharrivedafewminutesago.→
⑤
Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.→
PutthefollowingsintoEnglish.
你能否告诉我上周你参观过的那个工厂的名字?
他们最喜欢的运动是网球。
无家可归的人数多达25万。
你可以拿任何你喜欢的东西。
我很喜欢你送我的这份礼物。
定语从句(三)
that与which的用法:
1.只能用that,不能用which的情况:
先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰;
先行词被序数词所修饰;
先行词被no;
much;
only;
any;
very等副词所修饰;
先行词是anything;
everything;
nothing;
all;
much等不定代词;
先行词既有人又有物。
只能用which不能用that的情况:
介词前移到关系代词之前;
在非限定性定语从句中,指物或一整件事时。
Tellmeeverything____youknow.
Thisisthebookfor____heasked.
ThisistheonlyEnglish-Chinesedictionary____Ihave.
Thisisthemostbeautifulcity____Ihavevisited.
5.
Thisisthequestionabout____we’vehadsomuchdiscussion.
6.
Hetalkedofthemenandthings____hemetwhenhewenttocollege.
7.
Liliisthelastperson____hesaw.
8.
Therearelinesonherface,____showssheisnotyoung.
9.
Thespeakermentionedsomeauthorsandbooks____wereunknowntous.
10.Yesterdayhebroughttwobooks,____werewrittenbyayoungChinesewriter.
11.Sheistheonlyoneamongus____knowsFrench.
12.Isawalltheglasses____wereonthetablefalloffontothefloor.
定语从句(四)
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句:
完整性:
限定性定语从句相对于主句更加不可或缺,联系更加紧密;
逗号:
非限定性定语从句中有逗号可以将先行词和从句隔开;
汉译:
限定性定语从句通常被译成前置定语,而非限定性定语从句常被译成两个简单句。
非限定性定语从句的引导词which的特点:
which可以指物,也可以指一整件事(即一整个句子)
1.Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore,____wasnottrue.
2.WevisitedthehistoricalmuseumlastSunday,____everyonewasdeeplymoved.
3.Shetookcareofthelittleboy,____parentshadgoneabroad.
4.Heisaclassmateofmine,____Ihaven’tseenforages.
5.Hewasbornin1983,____hisfamilywaspoor.
6.Iboughtabook,thenameof____isTheAdventureofTomSawyer.
7.Iboughtabook,____nameisTheAdventureofTomSawyer.
8.HewasborninChangchun,____hewenttoprimaryschool.
定语从句(五)
As在非限定性定语从句中的运用:
(与which的区别):
as可放句首,常用于asisknowntoall;
asweknow;
asyoucansee;
asisoftenthecase;
aswehope;
asisreported;
asmightbeexpected;
asismentionedinthenewspaper等这类惯用结构中;
which则不能放在句首。
As在限定性定语从句中的运用:
当先行词被thesame;
such所修饰时,用as引导整个(省略型)从句,译成“像…那样/同样一类的”。
Myhometownisnolongerthesame____itwas.
Idon’tbelievesuchstories____hewastold.
Heissilent,____isoftenthecase.
Air,____weknown,isagas.
Thesameacciden