新课标英语高三总复习 课堂演练 33文档格式.docx

新课标英语高三总复习 课堂演练 33文档格式.docx

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Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”．

Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasunwillingtogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans？

”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcable（电缆）fromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile（起伏形状）oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemade.

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings（测深）weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbook—ThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.

Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafivevolumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.

1．Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.

A．foroceanographicstudies

B．formilitarypurposes

C．forbusinessconsiderations

D．forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans

2．TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas________.

A．tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans

B．tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals

C．toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade

D．tomeasurethedepthsofthetwooceans

3．Theunderlinedword“defied”inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans“________”．

A．doubted　　　　　　B．challenged

C．gaveprooftoD．agreedto

4．Thethemeofthispassageisabout________.

A．thebeginningsofoceanography

B．thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

C．theinvestigationofoceandepths

D．theearlyintercontinentalcommunications

答案与解析

本文是一篇记叙文，定义并描述了海洋学的发展过程。

1．C　推理判断题。

根据文章第三段中的“Thefirsttimethatthequestion‘Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans？

’hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.”可知，当有人基于商业目的建议在美国和欧洲之间铺设电报电缆的时候，人们才提出问题：

海底是什么？

也就是说，铺设电报电缆的这个建议具有商业性，故选C。

2．D　细节理解题。

根据文章第四段的“Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings（测深）weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.”可知，莫里负责的航海的目的是测量北大西洋和太平洋的深度，故选D。

3．B　猜测词义题。

联系上下文可知，当人们把电缆从海底取出来修理时，发现电缆上覆盖有活着的植物，而当时的科学观念认为，在海洋更深处没有生命存在，可知这个事实与当时的科学观念正好相反，故选B，这个发现挑战了当时的科学观念。

4．A　主旨大意题。

文章在开头提出了“海洋学”的定义，接下来按照时间顺序来描述海洋学发展的过程，可知本文的中心为oceanography，故选A。

Ⅱ.完形填空

重庆一中月考）

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