词汇学考试Word文件下载.docx
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•Nativewords本族词Anglo-Saxonwords
•Borrowedwords/loanwords外来词
•Whatfeaturesdothesewordshave?
•FormthebasicstockofEnglishlanguage
•mostfrequentlyused
•Denotethecommonestthingsnecessaryforlife
•Acquiredearliestbychildren
•Denotethemostbasicthingsinlanguage
•MorphologicalStructureandWordFormation见本
•Morpheme;
thesmallestmeaningfulunitinalanguage.
•Affix;
aformthatisattachedtoamorphemetomodifymeaningorfunction.
•Root;
thebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.
•WordandVocabulary
•Inordertoimprovemyreadingcomprehensionability,Ineedtoenlargemy________.
learnmore________.
•Vocabulary
•Thetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage.
•Allthewordsusedinaparticularperiod.
•Allthewordsofagivendialect.
•Allthewordspossessedbyaperson.
•Allthewordsofagivendiscipline.
•Featuresofnativewords
•FormthebasicstockofEnglishlanguage
•mostfrequentlyused
•Denotethemostbasicthingsinlanguage
•BasicWordStockand
NonbasicVocabulary
基本词汇和非基本词汇-----Thecommoncoreofthelanguage.如
•Rain,snow,fire,water,sun,moon,spring,summer,wind,hill;
•Head,foot,hand,face,father,mother,son
•Apple,tree,horse,cow,cat,dog,sheep
•Come,go,eat,beat,carry,old,young
•One,ten,hundred,I,you,who,but,as,till
•CharacteristicsofBasicWordStock
•Allnationalcharacter全民性
•Stability稳定性
•Productivity能产性
•Polysemy多义性
•NonbasicVocabulary非基本词汇
•Terminology术语technicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicares
•Jargon行话specializedwordsusedbymembersofparticularartssciences,tradesandprofessionsamongthemselves
•slang俚语sub-standardwords
•argot黑话jargonofcriminals
•Theword‘limitless’containstwo_____.
•A.affixes
•B.roots
•C.morphemes
•Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
•Awordisthesmallestformoflanguage
•Awordisasoundunity.
•Awordhasagivenmeaning.
•Awordcanbeusedfreelyinasentence.
•Accordingtosemanticists,awordisaunitof______.
•A.soundsB.meaning
•C.formD.function
•Awordisa_____thatstandsforsomethingelseintheworld.
•A.symbolB.system
•C.structureD.pattern
•Wordformation:
•affixation词缀法Theprocessbywhichwordsareformedbyaddingaffixestoaroot。
(Prefixation前缀法,Suffixation后缀法)例见本
•Prefixation前缀法见本
•Suffixation后缀法
•eer,(engineer,profiteer)
•ess,(hostess,priestess)
•ette,(cigarette,kitchenette)
•let,(booklet,leaflet)
•age,(mileage,wastage)
•dom,(kingdom,officialdom)
•ery,(slavery,machinery)
•hood,(childhood,manhood)
•ing,(farming)
•ism,(terrorism)
•ship,(friendship,sportsmanship)
•ant,(assistant,informant)
•ee,(employee,trainee)
•ent,(respondent,dependent)
•er,or,(worker,translator,)
•al,(dismissal,survival)
•ance,(attendance,performance)
•tion,sion,(protection,decision)
•ence,(existence,correspondence)
•ment,(movement,judgement)
•ity,(popularity,activity)
•ness,(happiness,largeness)
•ese,(Japanese,Lebanese)
•an,(Australian,Elizabethan)
•ist,(socialist,violinist)
•Conversion转类法Amethodofusingwordsofonepartofspeechasthoseofadifferentpartofspeech.
•Nounattribute见书21Dangerzone危险区Depthcharge深水炸弹Adepartmentdecision部门作出的决定Impulsebuying凭一时的冲动买东西
•Nountoverb,verbtonoun见书22-26Thenewspapersheadlinedhislongrecordofaccomplishments.Hewasadmittedtotheuniversityafterathree-yearwait.Thisfilmisaremake.
•Adjectivetonoun,书31-34Partialconversion,Completeconversion(
•Wecan’tstomachsuchainsult.
•RobertAchesonroomedrightnexttome.
•Hewolfeddownhislunch.
•I’moneofhisfamiliars.
•Poorinnocents!
•Theengineersahedandouchedatthenewmachines.
•HeHamletedthechanceandthenregrettedforit.
•Theseshoeswereanexcellentbuy.
•Theyliftedtheriflesandhithiminthesmalloftheback.)
•Composition/Compounding见书34-44Aprocessofword-formationbywhichtwoormoreindependentwordsareputtogethertomakeoneword.(CompoundnounCompoundadjectiveCompoundverb)
•Well-balanced平衡了的Dog-eat-dog狗咬狗的Cross-question盘问
•Blending拼缀法见书4