气象专业英语6PPT资料.ppt
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逆转;
reversevt.3.Adjacenta.邻近的邻近的;
surrounding周围的周围的4.Vigorousa.强盛的强盛的5.Dramatica.引人注目的引人注目的6.Inhabitantn.居民;
居民;
resident7.Inlanda.内陆内陆8.Prolongvt.延长延长9.Durationn.持续时间;
持续时间;
period期间期间10.Substantiallyad.实质的,本质的实质的,本质的11.Substructuren.下部结构;
下部结构;
sub+亚;
次级;
下级亚;
下级(构词法)(构词法)Subtropical亚热带Subgrid次网格Subsystem分系统Subdivision;
subseasonal.12.Residevi.驻扎;
驻扎;
resident居民居民13.SouthernOscillation南方涛动;
南方涛动;
NorthAtlanticOscillation(NAO)北大西洋涛动北大西洋涛动ArcticOscillation(AO)北极涛动;
北极涛动;
AntarcticOscillation(AAO)南极涛动;
南极涛动;
Quasi-BiennialOscillation(QBO)准两年振荡准两年振荡Seesaw翘翘板;
翘翘板;
Fluctuationn.振荡,振荡,扰动;
扰动;
Perturbationn.扰动扰动14.Passivea.消极的,被动的;
消极的,被动的;
activea.主动的主动的15.Quasi-biennialoscillation准两年振荡准两年振荡*quasi+准准(approximate,notexact)Forexample,quasi-static准静力;
准静力;
quasi-geostrophic准地转的;
准地转的;
quasi-stationaryfront准静止锋,准静止锋,etc.*biennial两年一次;
两年一次;
biannual一年两次一年两次16.Condensationn.浓缩,凝结浓缩,凝结;
condensevt.17.Convergencen.汇合,辐合;
汇合,辐合;
divergencen.辐散;
辐散;
散度散度18.gradientsn.梯度梯度;
temperaturegradients,pressuregradients,SSTgradients,etc.19.Anomalyn.不规则,异常;
不规则,异常;
anomalies复数复数20.Hypothesizev.假想;
假想;
hypothesisn.;
hypotheses复数复数21.Instabilityn.不稳定性;
不稳定性;
stability稳定性;
稳定性;
unstableadj.不稳定的不稳定的in+否定否定(构词法)(构词法)inaccurate不精确,不精确,invisible不可见,不可见,incompressible不可压缩不可压缩independent独立;
独立;
inhomogeneous不均匀;
不均匀;
informal非正式非正式22.Orographicbarrier地形分界线;
地形分界线;
topographic23.Spatialcoherence空间相干性;
空间相干性;
spatialadj.空间的;
空间的;
temporaladj.时间的时间的二、MeteologyToday有关MONSOON内容三、气象科技英语900句有关MONSOON内容四、课文内容Theterm“monsoon”appearstohaveoriginatedfromtheArabicwordmausimwhichmeansseason.ItismostoftenappliedtotheseasonalreversalsofwinddirectionalongtheshoresoftheIndianOcean,especiallyintheArabianSea,thatblowfromthesouthwestduringonehalfoftheyearandfromthenortheastduringtheother.Asmonsoonshavecometobebetterunderstood,thedefinitionhavebeenbroadenedtoincludealmostallofthephenomenaassociatedwiththeannualweathercyclewithinthetropicalandsubtropicalcontinentsofAsia,Australia,andAfricaandtheadjacentseasandoceans.Itiswithintheseregionsthatthemostvigorousanddramaticcyclesofweathereventsontheearthtakeplace.Paragraph1Thedominantcharacteristicofthegreatmonsoonsystems,theannualcycleitself,hasledtheinhabitantsofthemonsoonregionstodividetheirlives,customs,andeconomicsintotwodistinctphases:
the“wet”andthe“dry”.The“wet”,ofcourse,referstotherainyseason,duringwhichwarmmoistandverydisturbedwindsblowinlandfromtheoceans.Thedryreferstotheotherhalfoftheyear,whenthewindreversesbringingcoolanddryairfromtheheartsofthewintercontinents.Insomelocations,thecoldanddrywinterairflowsacrosstheequatortowardthehotcontinentsofthesummerhemisphere.Inthismanner,thedryofthewintermonsoonistiedtothewetofthesummermonsoon,andviceversa.Paragraph2Surfacewindsduringnorthernhemispherea)summerb)winterInthisarticle,weshallconcentratemainlyontheannualcycleofthemonsoon.However,itisincorrecttothinkofsummerandwinterphasesofthemonsoonasjustprolongedperiodsofrainordrought,eachofsomemonthsduration.Therearealsosignificantvariationsthatexistontimescalesrangingfromdaystoweeks.Thus,whilethemonsoonappearstohaveawell-definedannualcycle,closerinspectionshowsthatthemonsoonvariessubstantiallyandthatwithinthecyclesasignificantsubstructureexiststhatbecomesevidentastheintensityofthemonsoonrainswaxandwanethroughthewetseason.Paragraph3Paragraph4Short-termvariationsincludetheindividualweatherdisturbances(i.e.,aperiodofdisturbedweatherorstormslastingsomedays)thatoccurinrapidsuccessionduringtheso-calledactive-monsoonperiods.Aprolongedperiodofonetoseveralweeksmarkedbyanabsenceofweatherdisturbancesiscalledabreak-monsoon,ormorecorrectly,abreakintheactivemonsoon.Duringanactivephasetheweatherisunstablewithfrequentstormsthatproducetheraindelugestraditionallyassociatedwiththemonsoon.But,duringadormantorbreakphaseofthemonsoon,theweatherishot,clear,anddry.Monsoonbreaksaredroughtperiodand,ifprolonged,maycauseconsiderablehardshipandevenfamineinthemonsoonlands.InthecourseoftheSouthwestmonsoon,thereareperiodswhenthemonsoontroughshiftsnorthwardstothefootoftheHimalayas,andrainsdecreaseovermuchofIndiaexceptalongtheslopesoftheHimalayasandpartsofNortheastIndia,andtheSouthernpeninsula.Thissynopticsituationiscalledbreakinmonsoon.ThebreakaremostfrequentinJulyandAugust,andtheytypicallylastfromafewdaystothreeweeks.Meanpressuredeparture,03GMT,inmb,duringbreakinmonsoon.FromRao(1976)Fig.3.20Percentagerainfalld