The Forms of Cultural Differences and TranslationWord文档格式.docx

The Forms of Cultural Differences and TranslationWord文档格式.docx

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TheFormsofCulturalDifferencesandTranslation@#@TheFormsofCulturalDifferencesandTranslation@#@Culturaldifferenceshavemanyexpressiveforms.Anysubtledifferencecanbringoutproblemtotranslation.Weshouldtrytoknowandrecognizeasmanyformsofculturaldifferencesaspossible,sothatwecandealwithproblemsoftranslationmoreflexibly.Ilistsometypicalformstoexplaintherelationshipbetweenculturaldifferencesandtranslation.@#@1Thedifferencesinwaysofthinkingandtranslation@#@Waysofthinkingistheprocessofanindividualchoosing,evaluatingandorganizingexternalstimulus,whichistheprocessofchangingexternalstimulustopersonalexperience.Anation’swaysofthinkingnotonlyaffectindividual’ssocialactivity,butalsoaffectresponseofothernations,andtheattitudeoftranslatedculturetowardsoriginalcultureagreement,appreciationorbelittlement,exclusion.@#@Inwesternculture,peoplethinkthatthereisdirectrelationbetweenideologyandactualworld,layinggreatemphasisonrationaleanddeduction,believingthataslongasfollowingrightlogicalsteps,theywillobtaintruth.Whileinsomeeasternculture,suchasBuddhism,peoplethinkthatrationaleandlogiccannotobtaintruth,thebestwayofobtainingtruthisspeculation,meditationandwaiting,andthentruthwillappearnaturally.Inaddition,differentnationshavegreatdifferenceinstandpointandresponsetooutsidethings.Itissaidthat,anAmerican,aGerman,aJapanesepersonandaChinesepersonwenttovisitOceanMuseum.TheAmericanwonderedatthesightofthemuseum,saying“Terrific!

@#@”andadmiringthefishwithhugeandbeautifulshape.TheGermaninquiredintothewatertemperatureandhabitsofthefishcarefully.TheJapaneseexaminedthequalityandcostofthefishtank.WhiletheChinesewantedtoknowwhetherthefishiseatableandwhetheritisdelicious.Wedonotevaluatethecreditabilityofthehearsay,butdifferentculturesindeedhavedifferentresponse.Forexample,Americansputemphasisonthesizeandpriceofthingstheymet,whileJapanesethinkcolorisamuchmoreimportantstandard.Itdemandstranslatorsunderstandingrelevantlanguagesanddeedsofdifferentnations,beingfamiliarwithrelevantcultures’waysofthinking.@#@Differencesinwaysofthinkingcandirectlyaffectpeople’sresponsetothesamething.Samovaroncecitedsuchanexample:

@#@Limbsbrokeasaresultoftoomuchsnow.Americansthinkthereasonis:

@#@Thelimbwasweak.WhilesomeChinesethinkthereasonis:

@#@Thelimbwasstrong.Westernersthinkthat,thebreakageofthelimbisduetothelackofintensityandhardnessthatcanbeartheheavysnow.Itseemscommonsense.Whileeasternersthinkthatitistheexchangeofstrongnessandweakness.Asthelimbwastoostrong,andwasnoteasytobend,beinglackofflexibility,whichledtotheresultthatmoreandmoresnowwasaccumulatedthus,thelimbbrokelast.Ifthelimbcanbendunderthepressureofheavysnow,thesnowwillnotaccumulatetotheextentthatthelimbcannotbear,thisiscalledusingflexibilitytoovercomehardness.Thechangeofnotionbetweenstrongandweakusuallybecomesthetrapoftranslation.@#@2Thedifferencesinbeliefsandtranslation@#@Exceptwaysofthinking,differentcultureshavequitedifferentbeliefs.Thesedifferentbeliefscanbeexpressedinlanguagesanddeedsdirectlyandindirectly,becomingbarriersoftranslation.Forexample,thereisgreatdifferentaestheticappreciationvaluebetweenChineseandwesternculture.LinDaiyu,thetraditionalcharacterinChina,maybethoughttobesickpersoninwesterners’eyes.ManywhitewomeninAmericapursuesuntanineverypossibleway.Itissaidthatinblackcommunity,someschoolsarepropagatingtheaestheticappreciationvalueof“Blackisbeautiful”.@#@Beliefscanbedividedintoexperiencebeliefs,informationbeliefs,anddeductionbeliefs.@#@Directimpressionandexperiencecangainexperiencebeliefs,therefore,itisrestrictedbyregionsandsocialclimate.Itissaidthat,FrenchboyscanlistmorethantenkindsofliquoreasilY;@#@BoysinEavaFarmofAmericacanusetendifferentwordstocallplough.InArabianlanguagetherearehundredsofwordsrelatingtocamelanditsbodyparts.Eskimosusecountlesswordstodescribesnowanddifferentformsofsnow.Differencesinculturalfocususuallymaketranslationhardtofindaproperword,forexample,inChineseculture,whichattachesgreatimportancetosocialrelations,“叔叔”ishardtobetranslatedintoEnglishproperly.Eitherwecanusethemethodofundertranslationandtranslateitinto“uncle”,orwecanusethemethodofdescriptivetranslation,andtranslateitinto“uncleonfather’ssideandyoungerthanfather”.However,neitherofthesetwotranslationsisaccurate.@#@Informationbeliefsareformedthroughtheinfluenceofmedialiketelevisio