考研英语翻译解析Word文档下载推荐.docx

考研英语翻译解析Word文档下载推荐.docx

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第三篇翻译

LECTURE1题目特征

本堂目标

课堂讲解

上面两部分内容直接拷贝《考研25堂高分课》P208-209内容，注意“开始上课”改为“课堂讲解”。

课堂练习

Exercise1

You’vehardaproblem,you’vethoughtaboutittillweretired,forgottenitandperhapssleptonit,andthenflash!

Whenyouweren’tthinkingaboutitsuddenlytheanswerhascometoyou,asagiftfromthegods.

Ofcourseallideasdon’tcomelikethat,buttheinterestingthingisthatsomanydo,particularlythemostimportantones.Theyburstintothemind,glowingwiththeheatofcreation.Howtheydoitisamystery.

（1）Psychologydoesnotyetunderstandeventheordinaryprocessesofconsciousthought,buttheemergenceofnewideasbya“leapinthought”isparticularlyintriguing,becausetheyhavecomefromsomewhere.Forthemomentletusassumethattheycomefromthe“unconscious”.

（2）Thisisreasonable,forthepsychologistsusethistermtodescribementalprocesseswhichareunknowntothesubject,andcreativethoughtconsistspreciselyinwhatwasunknownbecomingknown.

（3）Itseemsthatalltrulycreativeactivitydependsinsomedegreeonthesesignalsfromtheunconscious,andthemorehighlyintuitivetheperson,thesharperandmoredramaticthesignalsbecome.

Butgrowthrequiresaseed,andtheheartofthecreativeprocessliesintheproductionoftheoriginalfertilenucleusfromwhichgrowthcanproceed.Thisinitialstepinallcreationconsistsintheestablishmentofanewunityfromdisparateelements,oforderoutofdisorder,ofshapefromwhatwasformless.（4）Themindachievesthisbytheplasticreshaping,soastoformanewunit,ofaselectionoftheseparateelementsderivedfromexperienceandstoredinmemory.Intuitionsarisefromrichlyunifiedexperience.

（5）Thisprocessoftheestablishmentofnewformmustoccurinpatternofnervousactivityinthebrain,lyingbelowthethresholdofconsciousness,whichinteractandcombinetoformmorecomprehensivepatterns.Experimentalphysiologyhasnotyetidentifiedthisprocess,foritsmethodsareasyetinsufficientlyrefined,butitmaybesignificantthataquarterofthetotalbodilyconsumptionofenergyduringsleepgoestothebrain,evenwhenthesenseorgansareatrest,tomaintaintheactivityoftenthousandmillionbraincells.Thesecells,actingtogetherasasingleorgan,achievethemiracleoftheproductionofnewpatternsofthought.Nocalculatingmachinecandothat,forsuchmachinescan“onlydowhatweknowhowtodesignthemtodo”,andtheseformativebrainprocessesobeylawswhicharestillunknown.

Cananypracticalconclusionsbedrawnfromtheexperienceofgenius?

Isthereanartofthoughtfrotheordinaryperson?

Certainlythereisnosingleroadtosuccess;

intheworldoftheimaginationeachhastofindhisownwaytousehisowngift.

Exercise2

Itisauniversallyacknowledgedfactthathumanbeingspossessalargerbrainthananimals.Thisallowsustocoordinateourlivesbetterandcommunicatewitheachotheronahigher,moresophisticatedlevel.Languageisamodeofcommunicationwherewithalimitednumberofwordswecanproduceaninfinitenumberofsentences.Itgivesusthechancetodiscussideas,andlookattheworldwithacriticaleye.

（1）Itisofutmostimportancetonotethatwehavedevelopedourlinguisticabilitiessothatwenotonlyhavetheoptionofinteractingverballyandthroughsignsbutalsoonawrittenbasis.

Thecentralquestiontobeexaminedis:

Howdoeslanguageactuallyinfluenceourspecificallyanimaloperations?

（2）Acaseinpointwouldbethatwhenwelookatanobject,forexampleatree,doweseeitinitspure,realisticandnaturalwayorislanguageimposingacertaininfluenceinthewaywelookatthistree?

Doweregarditasanobjectofnaturewhichisatallwoodyplanthavingasingle,usually,longandstraightmainstem,generallywithafewornobranchesonitslowerpart?

Orarewesimplyseeingitthatwaybecauseofthecontextofthelanguageinourculture?

（3）Sincethelanguagesoftheworlddifferinregardtotheirsemanticandstructuralcharacteristics,itseemssomewhatlogicaltoarguethatpeoplespeakingwidelydifferentlanguageswouldalsodifferinthewaytheyviewedandthoughtabouttheworld.Anexamplemayillustratethispoint.Ifonemustclassifythingssuchascamels,automobilesorsnowincertainways,thenonemustperceivethemdifferentlyfromsomeonewhodoesnotrequiretomakethesedistinctions.Eskimosmayhaveanumberofdifferentmeaningsfortheword“snow”,whereasweonlyhaveone.（4）Fromthiswecandeducethatitisstilldebatablewhetherweperceivetheworldinitsrealformorwhetherweareaffectedbythelanguageofoursocietywithoutusrealizing.Henceonecaninferthatlanguageimposesmeaningoneverythingexistinginourworldthroughthehumanbeing.

Consequently,meaningmustbeplacedatthecenterofanyat