非常好的考博英语真题Word下载.docx
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参考答案:
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第二单元阅读理解
1(OnSeptember7,2001,a68-year-oldwomaninStrasbourg,France,hadhergallbladder(胆)removedby-surgeonsoperating,viacomputerformNewYork.Itwasthefirstcompletelysurgeryprocedureperformedbysurgeonsnearly4,000milesawayfromtheirpatient.InNewYork,MarescauxteamedupwithsurgeonMichelGagnertoperformthehistoriclong-distanceoperation.Ahigh-speedfiber-opticserviceprovidedbyFranceTelecommadetheconnectionbetweenNewYorkandStrasbourg.Thetwosurgeonscontrolledtheinstrumentsusinganadvancedroboticsurgicalsystem,designedbyComputerMotionInc.thatenabledtheproceduretobeminimallyinvasive.Thepatientwasreleasedfromthehospitalafterabout48hoursandregainednormalactivitythefollowingweek.
Thehigh-speedfiber-opticconnectionbetweenNewYorkandFrancemadeitpossibletoovercomeakeyobstacletotelesurgerytimedelay.Itwascrucialthatacontinuoustimedelayoflessthan200millisecondsbemaintainedthroughouttheoperation,betweenthesurgeon'
smovementsinNewYorkandthereturnvideo(fromStrasbourg)onhisscreen.Thedelayproblemincludesvideocodingdecodingandsignaltransmissiontime.
FranceTelecom'
sengineersachievedanaveragetimedelayof150milliseconds."
IfeltascomfortableoperatingonmypatientasifIhadbeenintheroom,"
saysMarescaux.
Thesuccessfulcollaboration(合作)amongmedicine,advancedtechnology,andtelecomm
unicationsislikelytohaveenormousimplicationsforpatientcareanddoctortraining.Highlyskilledsurgeonsmaysoonregularlyperformespeciallydifficultoperationsthroughlong-distanceprocedures.Thecomputersystemsusedtocontrolsurgicalmovementcanalsoleadtoabreakthroughinteachingsurgicaltechniquestoanewgenerationofphysicians.Moresurgeons-in-trainingwillhavetheopportunitytoobservetheirteachersinactionintelesurgeryoperatingroomsaroundtheworld.
Marescauxdescribesthesuccessoftheremotelyperformedsurgicalprocedureasthebeginningofa"
thirdrevolution"
insurgerywithinthelastdecade.Thefirstwasthearrivalofminimallyinvasivesurgery,enablingprocedurestobeperformedwithguidancebyacamera,meaningthattheabdomen(腹部)andthorax(胸腔)donothavetobeopened.Thesecondwas
theintroductionofcomputer-assistedsurgery,wherecomplicatedsoftwarealgorithms(计算法)
enhancethesafetyofthesurgeon'
smovementsduringaprocedure,makingthemmoreaccura