英国文学期末复习资料Word格式.docx

英国文学期末复习资料Word格式.docx

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2,Thereisnorhyme.Instead,eachhalflineisjoinedtotheotherbyalliteration头韵.

3,Thingsaredescribedindirectlyandincombinationsofwords.

4,Asisknown,theAnglo-SaxonswereChristianizedbytheendofthe7thcentury.

Majorthemes:

1.ThisepicpresentsavividpictureofhowtheprimitivepeoplewageheroicstrugglesagainstthehostileforcesofthenaturalworldrepresentedbyGrendel,hismotherandthefire-breathingdragonunderthewiseandmightyleader.

2.Thepoemconveysahopethattherighteouswilltriumphovertheevil.Beowulfstandsforallthatisgood,braveandproper,whilethemonstersstandforevil.

Prose:

Anglo-SaxonChronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史

1,writtenundertheencouragementandsupervisionofKingAlfredtheGreat（849-899）阿尔弗雷德大帝

2,anearlyhistoryofthecountrywhichbeginswithCaesar’sconquest凯撒征服andisamonument不朽的作品ofOldEnglishProse.

Aelfric埃尔弗里克（mostlyreligious）：

HisprosestyleisthebestinOldEnglish.Andheusesalliteration头韵tojoinhissentencestogether.

2，MiddleEnglishLiterature（fromabout1100toabout1500）

NormanConquest（1066）:

theEnglishVStheNormanarmies

place:

nearHastings黑斯廷斯

Result:

theleaderofEnglish,Harold,waskilled,Englishlostdecisivebattle

William,theConqueror,becametheKingofEngland

1.Politically,afeudalistsystem封建制度wasestablishedinEngland.（feudalism）

2.Religiously,theRomanCatholicChurchhadamuchstrongercontroloverthecountry.

3.GreatchangestookplaceintheEnglishlanguage.

4.TheconquestopenedupEnglandtothewholeEuropeancontinent,sothatwiththeintroductionofthecultureandliteratureofFrance,ItalyandotherEuropeancountriesafreshwaveofMediterraneancivilizationcameintoEngland.

Threelanguagesco-existedinEnglandduringthisperiod.：

French（theofficiallanguage）:

King,Normanlords

Latin（theprincipaltongueofchurchaffairs）:

clergymenandscholars

English:

commonpeople

Greateventsinthisperiod:

TheHundredYears’War（1337-1453）英法百年战争

TheBlackDeath（1348-1350）黑死病

Literature：

stronglyreflectstheprinciplesofthemedieval中世纪Christiandoctrines基督教教义,whichareprimarilyconcernedwiththeissueofpersonalsalvation自我拯救.

Theromance传奇文学;

GeoffreyofMonmouth蒙茅斯的杰弗里：

英国历史学家

HistoryoftheKingsofBritain（inLatinProse）（不列颠诸王记）

Layamon莱亚门：

英国诗人

Brut《布鲁特》

ThomasMalory马洛礼：

MortD’Arthur（inEnglishprose）《亚瑟王之死》

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight（anonymous匿名的，无名的,inEnglishverse）《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》

Majorthemesof《高文。

。

》：

①thetestoffaith,courageandpurity（pointstothenobilityofthehero）

②thehumanweaknessforself-preservation

Ballads:

民歌，叙事诗歌

1，“BorderBallads”边境民谣,ontheEnglish英格兰-Scottish苏格兰border

2，RobinHood罗宾汉，37ballads,wholivedinNottinghamshire

3,Loveballads

4.Comicballads（dealswiththingsthathappenindomesticlife）.E.g.GetUpandBartheDoor

5.Seaballads.E.g.SirPatrickSpens帕特·

里克·

司本斯爵士

Stylisticfeatureofballads:

1,Thesimplicityisreflectedbothintheverseform格律诗andthecolloquialexpressions口语化表达.

2，Balladsarecomposedinquatrains四行诗节,whichareknownastheballadstanza民谣体诗节,withtherhymeschemeofabcb，withthefirstandthethirdlinescarrying4accentedsyllablesandthesecondandthefourthcarrying3.

3,Therearegreatvariationsinthenumberofunstressedsyllables;

andtherhymeisoftenapproximatewithassonance元音谐音andconsonance辅音谐音（halfrhyme）frequentlyappearing.

WilliamLangland威廉·

兰格伦’sallegoricalnarrativepoem寓言的叙事诗:

PiersPlowman《农夫皮尔斯》）

1，waswrittenintheoldunrhymedalliterativeverse不押头韵的诗,

2，takestheformofadreamvision--afavoriteliterarydeviceofmedievalpoetry,andtheauthortellshisstoryundertheguiseof假借，伪装havingdreamedofit.

3，Inthiswork,thepoetbitterlysatirizescorruptionsamongtheclergyandthesecularauthorities,andupholds支撑，鼓励，赞成thedignityandvalueoflabor,personifiedbyPiersPlowman.Thepoemisalsoanallegory.

GeoffreyChaucer（1340?

-1400）

中古英语时期最伟大的诗人

thefounderofEnglishrealism

fatherofEnglishpoetry

⑤masteroftheEnglishlanguage

④thefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage

⑥themessenger先驱，送信者ofhumanism人文主义的使者

threestages：

1，Thefirstperiod（1359-1372）：

RomanceoftheRose（玫瑰传奇）

TheBookoftheDuchess（悼公爵夫人）,

2，Thesecondperiod:

influencedbyBoccaccio薄伽丘,（Decameron十日谈）

TroilusandCriseyde《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》（1385）thelongestcompletepoem

LegendofGoodWomen《良妇传说》

TheHouseofFame《名誉堂》

TheParlia