克莱顿法Word文件下载.docx

克莱顿法Word文件下载.docx

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15U.S.C.§

12:

Definitions;

shorttitleAntitrustlaws,asusedherein,includestheActentitled"

AnActtoprotecttradeandcommerceagainstunlawfulrestraintsandmonopolies,"

approvedJulysecond,eighteenhundredandninety;

sectionsseventy-threetoseventy-seven,inclusive,ofanActentitled"

AnActtoreducetaxation,toproviderevenuefortheGovernment,andforotherpurposes,"

ofAugusttwenty-seventh,eighteenhundredandninety-four;

anActentitled"

AnActtoamendsectionsseventy-threeandseventy-sixoftheActofAugusttwenty-seventh,eighteenhundredandninety-four,entitledAnActtoreducetaxation,toproviderevenuefortheGovernment,andforotherpurposes,"

approvedFebruarytwelfth,nineteenhundredandthirteen;

andalsothisAct.

第一条（ａ）这里所用的“反托拉斯法”是指：

①１８９０年７月２日通过的《保护贸易和商业免于非法限制和垄断法》；

②１８９４年８月２７日通过的《为了政府收入和其它目的、减少税收法》第７３至７７条；

③《１８９４年８月２７日法第７３和７６条的修正案》，即１９１３年２月１２日通过的《为了国家收入和其它目的、减少税收法》；

④本法。

"

Commerce,"

asusedherein,meanstradeorcommerceamongtheseveralStatesandwithforeignnations,orbetweentheDistrictofColumbiaoranyTerritoryoftheUnitedStatesandanyState,Territory,orforeignnation,orbetweenanyinsularpossessionsorotherplacesunderthejurisdictionoftheUnitedStates,orbetweenanysuchpossessionorplaceandanyStateorTerritoryoftheUnitedStatesortheDistrictofColumbiaoranyforeignnation,orwithintheDistrictofColumbiaoranyTerritoryoranyinsularpossessionorotherplaceunderthejurisdictionoftheUnitedStates:

Provided,ThatnothinginthisActcontainedshallapplytothePhilippineIslands.

这里的“商业”是指州际间或与外国的商业和贸易，或哥伦比亚区、美国准州同其它州、准州、外国的商业和贸易，或美国司法管辖权下的属地之间或其它地方之间的商业和贸易，或哥伦比亚区内、准州内、美国司法管辖权下的任何属地及其它地区内的商业和贸易。

本法不适用于菲律宾群岛。

Theword"

person"

or"

persons"

whereverusedinthisActshallbedeemedtoincludecorporationsandassociationsexistingunderorauthorizedbythelawsofeithertheUnitedStates,thelawsofanyoftheTerritories,thelawsofanyState,orthelawsofanyforeigncountry.

（b）ThisActmaybecitedasthe"

ClaytonAct"

.

这里的“人”包括依据美国联邦法律、州法、准州法或外国法成立的或经上述法律授权的现存公司和组织。

（ｂ）本法名为《克莱顿法》。

13:

Discriminationinprice,services,orfacilities

（a）Price;

selectionofcustomers

Itshallbeunlawfulforanypersonengagedincommerce,inthecourseofsuchcommerce,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,todiscriminateinpricebetweendifferentpurchasersofcommoditiesoflikegradeandquality,whereeitheroranyofthepurchasesinvolvedinsuchdiscriminationareincommerce,wheresuchcommoditiesaresoldforuse,consumption,orresalewithintheUnitedStatesoranyTerritorythereofortheDistrictofColumbiaoranyinsularpossessionorotherplaceunderthejurisdictionoftheUnitedStates,andwheretheeffectofsuchdiscriminationmaybesubstantiallytolessencompetitionortendtocreateamonopolyinanylineofcommerce,ortoinjure,destroy,orpreventcompetitionwithanypersonwhoeithergrantsorknowinglyreceivesthebenefitofsuchdiscrimination,orwithcustomersofeitherofthem:

Provided,Thatnothinghereincontainedshallpreventdifferentialswhichmakeonlydueallowancefordifferencesinthecostofmanufacture,sale,ordeliveryresultingfromthedifferingmethodsorquantitiesinwhichsuchcommoditiesaretosuchpurchaserssoldordelivered:

Provided,however,ThattheFederalTradeCommissionmay,afterdueinvestigationandhearingtoallinterestedparties,fixandestablishquantitylimits,andrevisethesameasitfindsnecessary,astoparticularcommoditiesorclassesofcommodities,whereitfindsthatavailablepurchasersingreaterquantitiesaresofewastorenderdifferentialsonaccountthereofunjustlydiscriminatoryorpromotiveofmonopolyinanylineofcommerce;

andtheforegoingshallthennotbeconstruedtopermitdifferentialsbasedondifferencesinquantitiesgreaterthanthosesofixedandestablished:

Andprovidedfurther,Thatnothinghereincontainedshallpreventpersonsengagedinsellinggoods,wares,ormerchandiseincommercefromselectingtheirowncustomersinbonafidetransactionsandnotinrestraintoftrade:

Andprovidedfurther,Thatnothinghereincontainedshallpreventpricechangesfromtimetotimewhereinresponsetochangingconditionsaffectingthemarketfororthemarketabilityofthegoodsconcerned,suchasbutnotlimitedtoactualorimminentdeteriorationofperishablegoods,obsolescenceofseasonalgoods,distresssalesundercourtprocess,orsalesingoodfaithindiscontinuanceofbusinessinthegoodsconcerned.

第二条（ａ）从事商业的人在其商业过程中，直接或间接地对同一等级和质量商品的买者实行价格歧视，如果价格歧视的结果实质上减少竞争或旨在形成对商业的垄断，或妨害、破坏、阻止同那些准许或故意接受该歧视利益的人之间的竞争，或者是同他们的顾客之间的竞争，是非法的。

这里歧视所涉及的购买是在商业过程中，商品是为了在美国内、准州内、哥伦比亚区内、或美国司法管辖权下的属地及其它地域内的使用、消费和销售。

本规定不适用于那些因制造、销售、运输成本不同所做的合理补贴。

联邦贸易委员会认为某商品或各类商品中，大量购买者是如此少，以至于根据购买数量提出价格差异是歧视性的或旨在促成商业垄断