过去完成时和虚拟语气讲解和练习Word文档格式.doc
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clock?
它通常和before,bytheendof等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。
1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
(1)by+过去的时间点。
如:
Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'
clocklastnight.
(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。
WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.
(3)before+过去的时间点。
TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.
2.由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在:
(1)宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。
在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。
Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.
(2)状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。
Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
注意:
before,after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。
Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"
原本…,未能…"
Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn'
t.
3.根据上、下文来判定。
ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'
tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.
单项选择
1.Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.
A.whereIhadbeen
B.whereIhadgone
C.wherehadIbeen
D.wherehadIgone
2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?
A.did,do
B.has,
done
Cdid,did.
D.had,
done
3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。
A.learned
B.waslearning
C.hadlearned
D.learnt
4.She______livedherefor______years.
A.had,
afew
B.has,
several
C.had,
alotof
D.has,
agreatdealof
5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.
Ahadcooked
B.cooked
C.havecooked
D.wascooked
6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealready
A.hasseen
B.saw
C.willsee
D.hadseen
7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.
A.hashidden,from
B.hadhidden,from
C.hashidden,with
D.hadhidden,with
8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.
A.
hascompleteduniversity
B.hascompletedtheuniversity
B.
hadcompletedanuniversity
D.hadcompleteduniversity
9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.
A.for
B.in
C.by
D.at
10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.
Ahadlearned,piano
B.hadlearned,thepiano
C.haslearned,thepiano
D.learns,piano.
用动词的适当形式填空
1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.
2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).
3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey________(leave).
4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen_______
(arrive).
5.I__________(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.
6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make)
aphonecall.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
could
might
Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.
二.与将来事实相反
1.
should+动词原形
2.
动词过去式
3、wereto+动词原形
Would+动词原形
Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?
IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.
Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.
三、与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
Would+have+过去分词
IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)
(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)
3.
有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
suggest,advise,recommend,demand,
require,insist,