刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记免费Word文档下载推荐.docx
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hide-hundred;
eoldermen(lord)-thane-middleclass(freemen)-lowerclass(slaveorbondmen:
theoW;
e.socialorganization:
clanortribes.
f.militaryOrganization;
g.Churchfunction:
spirit,civilservice,education;
h.economy:
coins,trade,slavery;
i.feastsandfestival:
Halloween,Easter;
j.legalsystem.
2.TheOverviewoftheculture
(1)ThemixtureofpaganandChristianspirit.
(2)Literature:
a.Poetry:
twotypes;
b.prose:
twofigures.
II.Beowulf.
1.Ageneralintroduction.
2.Thecontent.
3.Theliteraryfeatures.
(1)theuseofalliteration
(2)theuseofmetaphorsandunderstatements
(3)themixtureofpaganandChristianelements
III.TheOldEnglishProse
1.Whatisprose?
2.figures
(1)TheVenerableBede
(2)AlfredtheGreat
Chapter2EnglishLiteratureoftheLateMedievalAgesl.lntroduction
1.TheHistoricalBackground.
(1)Theyear1066:
NormanConquest.
(2)Thesocialsituationssoonaftertheconquest.
A.Normannoblesandserfs;
B.restorationofthechurch.
(3)The11thcentury.
A.thecrusadeandknights.
B.dominanceofFrenchandLatin;
(4)The12thcentury.
A.thecentralizedgovernment;
B.kingsandthechurch(HenryIIandThomas);
(5)The13thcentury.
A.ThelegendofRobinHood;
B.MagnaCarta(1215);
C.thebeginningoftheParliament
D.EnglishandLatin:
officiallanguages(theend)
(6)The14thcentury.
a.theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons—conflictbetweenthe
ParliamentandKings;
b.theriseoftowns.
c.thechangeofChurch.
d.theroleofwomen.
e.theHundredYears'
Wai^starting.
f.thedevelopmentofthetrade:
London.
g.theBlackDeath.
h.thePeasants'
Revo—1381.
i.ThetranslationofBiblebyWycliffe.
(7)The15thcentury.
a.ThePeasantsRevolt(1453)
b.TheWarofRosesbetweenLancasterandYorks.
c.theprinting-press—WilliamCaxton.
d.thestartingofTudorMonarchy(1485)
2.TheOverviewofLiterature.
(1)thestoriesfromtheCelticlandsofWalesandBrittan—greatmythsoftheMiddleAges.
(2)GeoffryeofMonmouth—HistoriaRegumBritanniae—KingAuthur.
(3)Wace—LeRomandeBrut.
(4)Theromanee.
(5)thesecondhalfofthe14theentury:
Langland,Gawinpoet,Chaucer.
II.SirGawinandGreenKnight.
2.Theplot.
III.WilliamLangland.
1.Life
2.PiersthePlowman
IV.Chaucer
2.LiteraryCareer:
threeperiods
(1)Frenchperiod
(2)Italianperiod
(3)masterperiod
3.TheCanterburyTales
A.TheFramework;
B.TheGeneralPrologue;
C.TheTaleProper.
4.HisContribution.
(1)HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes.
(2)HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglishIanguage.
(3)ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.
V.PopularBallads.
VI.ThomasMaloryandEnglishProse
VII.ThebeginningofEnglishDrama.
1.MiraclePlays.
MiracleplayormysteryplayisaformofmedievaldramathatcamefromdramatizationoftheliturgyoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Itdevelopedfromthe10thtothe16thcentury,reachingitsheightinthe15thcentury.Thesimplelyriccharacteroftheearlytextswasenlargedbytheadditionofdialogueanddramaticaction.Eventuallytheperformancewasmovedtothechurchyardandthemarketplace.
2.MoralityPlays.
Amoralityplayisaplayenforcingamoraltruthorlessonbymeansofthespeechandactionofcharacterswhicharepersonifiedabstractions-figuresrepresentingvicesandvirtues,qualitiesofthehumanmind,orabstractconceptionsingeneral.
3.Interlude.
Theinterlude,whichgrewoutofthemorality,wasintended,asitsnameimplies,tobeusedmoreasfillerthanasthemainpartofanentertainment.Asitsbestitwasshort,witty,simpleinplot,suitedforthediversionofguestsatabanquet,orfortherelaxationoftheaudieneebetweenthedivisionsofaseriousplay.Itwasessentiallyanindoorsperformanee,andgenerallyofanaristocraticnature.
Chapter3EnglishLiteratureintheRenaissaneeI.AHistoricalBackground
II.TheOverviewoftheLiterature(1485-1660)
Printingpress—readership—growthofmiddleclass—trade-educationforlaypeople-centralizationofpower-intellectuallife-exploration-newimpetusanddirectionofliterature.
Humanism-studyoftheliteratureofclassicalantiquityandreformededucation.
Literarystyle-modeledontheancients.
Theeffectofhumanism-thedisseminationofthecultivated,clear,andsensibleattitudeofitsclassicallyed