英语精读知识题带答案解析六级适用Word文档格式.docx
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2Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.NodoubtitbeganverygraduallyAnimalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignals,buteventhehighestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewords,evenwiththemostintensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanisapparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesuffivientlyintelligent,wemustsupposethathefraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfordifferentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredhatspeechcouldbeusedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkinthisrespectpicturelanguageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhiscavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgone,orwhatpreyhehopedtocatch.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsidebyside.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsinglefactorinthedevelopmentofman.
3Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawnofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;
thesecondwasagriculture.Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthehumanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed.Thesewere,atfirst,onlythoseinwhichnaturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolentresistancefromthepastoralnomads,buttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailedintheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.
4Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvancewaswriting,which,likespokenlanguage,developedoutofpictures,butassoonasithadreachedacertainstage,itwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmitinformationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.
5Theseinventionsanddiscoveries—fire,speech,weapons,domesticanimals,agriculture,andwriting—madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B.C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyearsagotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislongperiodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechnique,andtodeveopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoitTherewas,ofcourse,animmenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.AtfirstithadbeenconfinedtotheNile,theEuphrates,theTigrisandtheIndus,butattheendoftheperiodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreaterpartoftheinhabitableglobe.Idonotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthislongtime;
therewasprogress—therewereeventwoinventionsofverygreatimportance,namelygunpowderandthemariner’scompass—butneitherofthesecanbecomparedintheirpowertosuchthingsasspeechandwritingandagriculture.
Notes
1ape:
anymonkey
2narrative:
astoryordescriptionofactualorfictionalevents;
tonarrateistogiveanaccountorcommentary
3prey:
ananimalhuntedorcaughtforfood
4pastoral:
oforpertainingtoshepherds,herdsmen,etc.
5nomad:
oneofagroupofpeoplewhohavenopermanenthomeandmoveaboutfromplacetoplace
6theNile:
thelongestriverintheworldflowingthroughEastAfrica,尼罗河
7theTigris:
riverofSouthwestAsia,joiningtheEuphratesinSouthIraq
8theEuphrates:
riverofSouthwestAsia,幼发拉底河
9theIndus:
riverofSouthCentralAsia,risingfromSouthwestTibet,flowingthroughPakistantotheArabianSea
ReadingComprehension
whichoneofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,wasfirstdiscoveredorinventedinhumancivilization?
a.writtenlanguageb.orallanguagec.fired.domestication
2Theauthordoesnotstateclearlybutimpliesthatinthedevelopmentofman___
a.humanspeechdevelopedalongwithotherhumanfaculties
b.picturelanguageandwrittenlanguagedevelopedsidebyside
c.orallanguageprecededtheuseoffire
d.theapemightbetaughttomasterspeech
3Accordingtothepassagepicturelanguagewasfoundmostusefulwhen_____
a.peopledidn’twanttousespeechincommunication
b.orallanguagewasnotfullydeveloped
c.peoplewenthuntingortravelingsomewhere
d.peoplewereinhabitingincaves
4Itistheauthor’sviewthatinhumancivilizationagriculture______.
a.isthemostimportantstepmanhasevermade
b.isonlylessimportantthanthedomesticationofanimals
c.hadlongbeenpracticedasstatedinwrittenhistory
d.canberankedinimportancewiththeinventionofmachines
5Inthe3rdparagraph,”…intheregionswhereitcouldbepracticed…”,here,“it”refersto________
a.increaseb.nu