英语国家社会与文化入门下册的答案.doc
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UNIT3
1.WhatisanAmerican?
HeiseitheraEuropean,orthedescendantofaEuropean,hencethatstrangemixtureofblood,whichyouwillfindinnoothercountry.HeisanAmerican,wholeavingbehindhimallhisancientprejudicesandmanners,receivesnewonesfromthenewmodeoflifehehasembraced,thenewgovernmentheobeys,andthenewrankheholds....Hereindividualsofallnationsaremeltedintoanewraceofmen,whoselaborsandposteritywillonedaycausegreatchangesintheworld....TheAmericanisanewman,whoactsnewprinciples;hemustthereforeentertainnewideas,andformnewopinions.
4.InwhatwaydidPuritanisminfluenceAmericanculture?
A.Today,Puritansarenolongerinexistence.ButtheirlegaciesarestillfeltinAmericansocietyandculture.Forexample,thePuritanshopedtobuild"acityuponhill"anidealcommunity.Sincethattime,Americanshaveviewedtheircountryasagreatexperiment,aworthymodelforothernations.ThissenseofmissionhasbeenverystronginthemindsofmanyAmericans.
B.ThePuritansalsohaveleftrichculturalheritagetofutureAmericans.TheAmericanvaluessuchasindividualism,hardwork,respectofeducationoweverymuchtothePuritanbeliefs.
Unit4
3.WhataresomeofthemajorpowersofeachofthethreebranchesoftheU.S.government?
Howarethethreebranchessupposedtocheckandbalanceeachother?
A1.--thelegislativebranchismadeupofelectedrepresentativesfromallofthestatesandistheonlybranchthatcanmakefederallaws,levyfederaltaxesanddeclarewarorputforeigntreatiesintoeffect.ItconsistsofaCongressthatisdividedintotheHouseofRepresentativeandtheSenate.TheHouseofRepresentativeshas435memberswhoservetwo-yearterms.TheSenatecomprises100lawmakerswhoservesix-yearterms.Eachstate,regardlessofpopulation,hastwosenators.
2.---theexecutivebranchisthepresident,whoiselectedtoafour-yearterm.Apresidentcanbeelectedtoonlytwotermsaccordingtoanamendmentpassedin1951.Thepresidentcanappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur.Heisthecommanderinchiefofthearmedforces.Thepresidenthasotherbroadauthoritiesinrunningthegovernmentdepartmentsandhandlingforeignrelations.
3.---thejudicialbranchisheadedbytheSupremeCourtwithachiefjusticeand8associatejustices.TheFederalcourtshavejurisdictionovercasesarisingoutoftheConstitutionandothercaseswhichdonotariseoutofindividualstates.TheSupremeCourthasthejudicialreviewpower,thepowerdeterminingwhethercongressionallegislationorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.
B.1.IfCongressproposesalawthatthepresidentthinksisunwise,thepresidentcanvetoit.
2.IfCongresspassesalawwhichisthenchallengedinthecourtsasunconstitutional,theSupremeCourthasthepowertodeclarethelawunconstitutionalandthereforenolongerineffect.
3.Thepresidenthasthepowertomaketreatieswithothernationsandtomakeallappointmentstofederalpositions,includingthepositionofSupremeCourtjustice.TheSenate,however,mustapprovealltreatiesandconfirmallappointmentsbeforetheybecomeofficial.InthiswaytheCongresscanpreventthepresidentfrommakingunwiseappointments.
4.WhatistheBillofRights?
DoyouthinkthatitwasnecessarytowritetheBillofRightsexplicitlyintotheU.S.Constitution?
TheBillofRights:
thefirst10amendments,collectivelyknownastheBillofRights,wereaddedwithintwoyearsoftheadoptionoftheU.S.Constitution.Theseamendmentsremainintacttoday,astheywerewrittentwocenturiesago.Thefirstguaranteesfreedomofworship,speechandpress,therightofpeacefulassembly,andtherighttopetitionthegovernmenttocorrectwrongs.TheBillofRightsandsubsequentconstitutionalamendmentsguaranteetheAmericanpeoplethefullestpossibleopportunitytoenjoyfundamentalhumanrights.
UNIT6
1.InwhatwaydoyouthinkthatreligiousfreedomwasahistoricalnecessityintheUnitedStates?
1.Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,manydifferentkindsofProtestantslivedinAmerica.
2..TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a"revival"movementthatsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion,cutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations.
3.AfewAmericansweresoinfluencedbythenewscienceandnewideasoftheEnlightenmentinEuropethattheybecamedeists,believingthatreasonteachesthatGodexistsbutleavesmanfreetosettlehisownaffairs.
4.TheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesforbadethenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orexercise,ofreligion.
3WhatpromotesthediversityinAmericanreligion?
1.TheUnitedStateshasalwaysbeenafertilegroundforthegrow