高中英语语法省略句Word下载.docx
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--Didyouknowanythingabouttheaccident?
--Notuntilyoutoldme.(=Ididn’tknowanythingaboutituntilyoutoldme.)
谓语的省略
--whatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?
--Losinghernewbicycle(madeMarysoupset).
状语从句的省略
Seenfromtheplane(whenitisseenfromtheplane),thehouselooksliketinytoys.
If(itis)possible,I’llgotherewithyou.
注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。
不定式的省略
Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.(nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet.)
--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?
--Iwasgoingto(comeyesterday),butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
若不定式后面是完成时,省略时应保留have;
不定式后含有动词be的结构时,也要保留be动词。
--Didyoutellhimthenews?
--Ioughttohave(toldhimthenews),butIdidn’tknowhowtospeak.
--Areyouanengineer?
--No,butIwanttobe.
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when,while引导的时间状语从句
e.g.Dobecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.
When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.
2、if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句
e.g.If(itis)properlytreated,wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.
I’llnotgotothepartyunless(Iam)invited.
Once(youare)caughtstealinginasupermarket,youwillbepunished.
3、though,although,whether,nomatterwhether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句
e.g.Hewashappy,though/although(hewas)poor.
Whether(sheis)sickorwell,sheisalwayscheerful.
Nomatterhow/Howeverhardthetask(is),wemustfulfillitintime.(注:
从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的be动词形式)
4、asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句
e.g.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasif/though(hewas)wakingupafteralongsleep.
Hestoodupasif/though(hewanted)toleave.(asif/though+todo表示一个将来的动作)
二、than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:
当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;
当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较部分。
e.g.Heistallerthanhisbrother(is).
Ihaveasmuchasconfidenceinyouas(Ihaveconfidence)inhim.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:
通常省略了itis,thatis,thereis/are。
e.g.If(itis)possible/necessary,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.
If(thatis)so,Iwillcallyoubackat5:
00pm.
Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary,if(thereare)any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;
inwhich或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g.Theman(that/who/whom)youvisitedlastnightismygrandpa.
Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtreatthegirl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。
e.g.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
=WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
2、Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
e.g.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytoloseweight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。
(一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch)
2、donothingbut,can’thelpbut等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g.Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.
Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelpbutcry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。
但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。
E.g.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn’twantto.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’mafraid等连用
e.g.–Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?
–Isupposenot.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中,答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分,而只保留对方希望了解的内容。
在复合句或并列句中,也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g.–Howmanycopiesdoyouwant?
--(Iwant)Threecopies,please.
--HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
--No,(Ihave)never(beentotheGreatWall).
随讲随练1、—Lucy,couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutes?
—____,butIhope"
afewminutes"
won'
tturnintoafewhours.
A.Itdoesn'
tmatter
B.That'
skindofyou
C.I'
mafraidnot
D.Iguessso
2、—Hey,taxi!
—_____
—Iwanttogotothedentist'
s.
A.Goodmorning,sir.
B.Nicetoseeyou,sir.
C.Whereto,sir?
D.Whatareyougoingtodo,sir?
3、Thedoctorexpresseshisstrongdesirethatthepatient_____immediately.
A.beoperatedon
B.operatedon
C.wasoperatedon
D.wouldbeoperatedon
4、Whenhecameback,hefoundthebaghehad____overtheseatwasgone.
A.lefttohang
B.lefthanging
C.lefthung
D.toleavehanging
5、LiuXiangspokeslowlytotheSpecialOlympiccompetitorssoastohavethem____.
A.understandhim
B.tobeunderstood
C.beunderstood
D.tounderstandhim
6、—ArethereanyEnglishstorybooksforusstudentsinth