高考英语必考语法大全共20页文档Word下载.docx
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牢固掌握每个词性的句法功能,及每个句子成分都由哪些词性的单词构成。
主抓实词,兼顾虚词,总结固定词组。
①名词
A.句法功能
主语:
Thebookisonthedesk.
表语:
Thetallmanisasinger.
宾语:
Ifoundacatonthegrass.
宾语补足语:
Wecallhimahero.
定语:
Ifoundastonewallinthevillage.
同位语:
Mr.Liu,ourEnglishteacher,isveryhandsome.
状语:
Thedeskweighs20kilograms.
B.所有格
a.含义:
表所属关系:
mymom’sdress
表类别:
awoman’sschool
表动作的执行者或承受者:
myfather’spraise
b.分类
‘s所有格表有生命的
myfather’scar
of所有格表无生命的
thecoverofthebook
双重所有格表部分概念或某种感情
afriendofmysister’s
②冠词
不定冠词:
a,an表泛指,每一,类别,抽象名词具体化
定冠词:
the表特指的人或物
零冠词:
表许多特殊含义和特殊用法
③代词
A人称代词
主格:
Iyouhesheitweyouthey
宾格:
meyouhimheritusyouthem
B物主代词
形容词性:
myyou’rehisheritsouryou’retheir
名词性:
mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
C反身代词
单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself
复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
D相互代词
eachotheroneanothereachother’soneanother’s
E指示代词
thisthatthesethosesuchsame
F疑问代词
whowhomwhosewhichwhat
G连接代词
whowhomwhichwhatthatwhosewhoeverwhomeverwhateverwhichever等
H关系代词
whowhomwhosewhichthatas
I不定代词
every-
some-
any-
no-
人
-body
everybody
somebody
anybody
nobody
-one
everyone
someone
anyone
noone
物
-thing
everything
something
anything
nothing
-where
everywhere
somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
注意:
1.–body和-one同义
2.–thing有两个意思:
东西和事情
3.some有两个意思:
一些和某一somebooksomebooks
4.不定代词的定语要后置
Jit的用法
A用作代词
a.代上文提到的同一物
b.代上文的指示代词
c.代天气、时间、距离、环境等
d.代不清楚的一个人
e.代整个句子
B.形式主语
It’simportantforyoutolearnEnglishwell.
C.形式宾语
Ourbossmadeitclearthathewouldgoabroadnextmonth.
D.强调句型
Itis/was+主/宾/状+that/who+其余成分
④数词
A.年月日时刻及年代表达法
a.基本顺序是月、日、年
b.具体时刻用at
c.具体某一天用on
举例:
at3:
40onSep1st,2009inAug,2019inthe1980’s
B.分数
构成:
基数词/序数词
分子大于1时,分母用复数
ahalfaquarterfiveandfoursixths
本身没有单复数,根据它所代替的名词而决定
C.百分数
基数词+percent
本身没有单复数,根据它所代替的名词而决定。
D.倍数表达方法
Myroomistwicelargerthanhisroom.
=Myroomistwiceaslargeashisroom.
=Myroomistwicethesizeofhisroom.
=Theareaofmyroomistwicethatofhisroom.
=Theareaofmyroomistwicewhathisroomhas.
总结:
1.2.3.4.5.
注意相关形容词与其名词之间的转换
long–lengthhigh–heightwide–widthdeep–depthweight
E.数词和名词构成复合形容词
atwo-dayholidaya100-meter-tallbuilding
名词作定语用单数
⑤介词
A.按形式分类
简单介词:
inonattofrom
复合介词:
intoontoinsidewithout
短语介词:
accordingtoinfrontofbecauseofinsteadof
双重介词:
fromunderfrombehinduntilafterexceptfor
分词介词:
consideringincludingregarding
B.按意义分类
时间:
beforeafteraboutpast
地点:
atinonnear
原因、目的:
for,becauseofowingtowithforthesakeofduetoasaresultof
所属、伴随:
of,with
除了:
exceptbutbesidesexceptfor
方法、手段:
inbywithwithout
关于:
onaboutofover
⑥形容词与副词
A.形容词
句法功能
a定语
Ithinkheisthegreatmanaliveintheworld.
b宾语补足语
Youmustkeepyourroomtidyandclean.
c状语
Theboylayonthebed,veryangry.
位置
a.前置
Hehasaredcoat.
b.后置
Iwanttotellyousomethingimportant.
B.副词
分类
a.时间nowtodayalreadyrecently
b.地点homeherebelowahead
c.程度veryquiteratheronly
d.频度oftenalwaysusuallyseldom
e.方式simplyeasilyhappilysilently
f.语气indeedcertainlyobviouslyfortunately
句法功能:
a.定语
Doyouknowthemanupstairs?
b.宾语补足语
Canyoushowmeout?
c.状语
Theyareworkingveryhard.
C.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
a.同级比较
Heisasgoodaboyashisbrother.
Hehasasmanybooksashisbrother.
Thetreeisthesameheightasthebuilding.
Hecanreadasmanyas100booksinamonth.
Totellyouthetruth,Ididn’tsingas(so)wellasmybrother.
b.比较级
Thisyeartheyhaveproducedlessgrainthantheydidlastyear.
YouMingismuchtallerthanmyfather.
Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryouwillspeakEnglish.
It’sgettinghotterandhotterandourcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.
c.最高级
Heisthethirdtallestboyinourclass.
⑦动词
a.实义动词
及物动词,后接宾语
Hegavemeapresentyesterday.
不及物动词,后不接宾语
Thesunisrisingnow.
b.系动词
be动词
表“感觉”:
looksmelltastesoundfeel
表“变化”:
becometurngetgogrowfallcomerun
表“保持”:
keepremainstaystandcon