美国文学史复习提纲Word文档下载推荐.doc
《美国文学史复习提纲Word文档下载推荐.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《美国文学史复习提纲Word文档下载推荐.doc(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![美国文学史复习提纲Word文档下载推荐.doc](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-10/20/33d3a821-21fc-45cf-b24e-4860af4e6748/33d3a821-21fc-45cf-b24e-4860af4e67481.gif)
4)Guidetothenewland,endlessbounty,invitationtoboldspirit
3、清教徒的思想:
1)puritanwanttomakeuppuretheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices净化信仰和行为方式
2)Wish
torestoresimplicitytochurchandtheauthorityoftheBibletothetheology.重建教堂,提供简单服务,建立神圣地位
来源:
(-美国文学史复习1(colonialism)_苗苗_新浪博客
3)lookuponthemselvesaschosenpeople,anditfollowlogicallythatanyonewhochallengedtheirwayoflifeisopposingGod'
swillandisnottobeaccepted.认为自己是上帝选民,对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝
4)puritanoppositiontopleasureandtheartssometimeshasbeenexaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5)religiousteachingtendedtoemphasizetheimageofawrathfulGod.强调上帝严厉的一面,忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
4、典型的清教徒:
JohnCotton&
RogerWilliam
他们的不同:
JohnCottonwasmuchmoreconcernedwithauthoritythanwithdemocracy;
WilliambeginsthehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica.
5、William的宗教观点:
Tolerationdidnotstemfromalackofreligiousconvictions.Instead,itsprangfromtheideathatsimplytobevirtuousinconductanddevoutinbeliefdidnotgiveanyonetherighttoforcebeliefonothers.HealsofeltthatnopoliticalorderorchurchsystemcouldidentifyitselfdirectlywithGod.行为上的德,信仰上的诚,并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。
没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。
6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人:
AnneBradstreet
7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人:
thebestofPuritanpoetsisEdwardTayor.
学习指南:
1、CouldyougiveadescriptionofAmericanPuritans?
关于美国清教徒的描绘
LiketheirbrothersbackinEngland,wereidealists,believingthatthechurchshouldberestoredtothe"
purity"
ofthefirst-centurychurchasestablishedbyJesusChristhimself.Tothemreligionwasamatterofprimaryimportance.TheymadeittheirchiefbusinesstoseethatmanlivedandthoughtandactedinawaywhichtendedtothegloryofGod.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod,allthatJohnCalvin,thegreatFrenchtheologianwholivedinGenevahadpreached.Itwasthiskindofreligiousbeliefthattheybroughtwiththemintothewildness.TheretheymeaanttoprovethatwereGod'
schosenpeopleenjoyinghisblessingsonthisearthasinHeaven.
2、Hardwork,thrift,pietyandsobrietywerethePuritanvaluesthatdominatedmuchoftheearliestAmericanwriting.
3、Theworkoftwowriters,AnneBradstreet&
EdwardTaylor,rosetothelevelofrealpoetry.
4、TheearliestsettlersincludedDutch,Swedes,Germans,
French,SpaniardsItalian,and
Portuguese.
第二部分
TheLiteratureofReasonandRevolution
一、ThewarforIndependenceendedintheformationofaFederativebourgeoisdemocraticrepublic-theUnitedStatesofAmerica.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。
二、代表作家:
1、BenjaminFranklin本杰明·
富兰克林
1706-1790
1)"
PoorRichard'
sAlmanac"
穷人查理德的年鉴annualcollectionofproverbs流行谚语集
Itsoonbecamethemostpopularbookofitskind,largelybecauseofFranklin'
sshrewdhumor,andfirstspreadhisreputation
2)FoundedtheJunto,aclubforinformaldiscussionofscientific,economicandpoliticalideas.建立了一个秘密俱乐部,讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题
3)establishedAmerica'
sfirstcirculatinglibrary,foundedthecollege--UniversityofPennsylvania.建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆,还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。
4)firstappliedtheterms"
positive"
and"
negative"
toelectricalcharges.
5)AsarepresentativeoftheColonies,hetriedinvaintocounseltheBritishtowardpoliciesthatwouldletAmericagrowandflourishinassociationwithEngland.HeconductedthedifficultynegotiationswithFrancethatbroughtfinancialandmilitarysupportforAmericainthewar.作为殖民地的代表,他不断建议英国改变政策,使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。
他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。
6)Asanauthorhehadpowerofexpression,simplicity,asubtlehumor,sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能,表达简洁明了,幽默,讽刺天才、
7)TheAutobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传
2、ThomasPaine托马斯·
佩因
1737-1809
"
GreatCommonofMankind"
最平凡的人
1)famouspamphlet"
CommonSense"
著名的政治小册子《常识》itboldlyadvocateda"
DeclarationforIndependence"
andbroughttheseparatistagitationtoacrisis.拥护独立宣言,是分裂活动发展成最后危机。
2)"
AmericanCrisis"
《美国危机》,signed"
(p31,第一段)
TheCaseoftheOfficersofExcise税务员问题;
CommonSense常识;
AmericanCrisis美国危机;
RightsofMan人的权利:
DownfallofDespotism专制体制的崩溃;
TheAgeofReason理性时代
3、ThomasJefferson托马斯·
杰弗逊
1)draftedtheDeclarationofIndependence.起草了独立宣言
2)与清教徒不同,主张追求幸福。
AllMenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthePursuitofhappiness.人人生而平等,他们都从“造物主”那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利,其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。
4、PhilipFreneau菲利普·
费瑞诺
poetandpoliticaljournalist诗人和政治方面的新闻记者
1)perhapsth