《英语词汇学》知识点归纳Word文档下载推荐.docx

《英语词汇学》知识点归纳Word文档下载推荐.docx

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ThereasonforastudenttostudyEnglishlexicology:

Accordingtothetextbook,EnglishLexicologywilldefinitelybebeneficialforstudentsofEnglish、

AgoodknowledgeofmorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandrulesofword-formationwillhelplearnersdeveloptheirpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreasetheirwordpower、Theinformationofthehistoricaldevelopmentandtheprinciplesofclassificationwillgivethemadeeperunderstandingofword-meaningandenablethemtoorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively、Theunderstandingandtheirsenserelationswillgraduallyraisetheirawarenessofmeaningandusage,andenablethemusewordsmoreaccuratelyandappropriately、Aworkingknowledgeofdictionarieswillimprovetheirskillsofusingreferencebooksandraisetheirproblem-solvingabilityandefficiencyofindividualstudy、

Chapter1--Basicconceptsofwordsandvocabulary

Word（词的定义）:

Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction、

（1）aminimalfreeformofalanguage

（2）asoundunity（3）aunitofmeaning（4）aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence

Soundandmeaning（声音与意义）:

almostarbitrary,“nologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself”

Soundandform（读音与形式）:

不统一的四个原因

（1）theEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachother

（2）thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears（3）someofthedifferencewerecreatesbytheearlyscribes（4）theborrowingsisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabulary

Vocabulary（词汇）:

allthewordsinalanguagemakeupitsvocabulary

ClassificationofEnglishWords:

Byusefrequency:

basicwordstock&

nonbasicvocabulary

Bynotion:

contentwords&

functionalwords

Byorigin:

nativewords&

borrowedwords

Thebasicwordstock（基本词汇）:

isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage、ThoughitconstituteasmallpercentageoftheEV,itisthemostimportantpartofvocabulary、

TheFundamentalFeaturesoftheBasicWordStock（基本词汇的特征）:

1）All-Nationalcharacter（全民通用性mostimportant）2）Stability（相对稳定性）

3）Productivity（多产性）4）Polysemy（多义性）5）Collocability（可搭配性）

没有上述特征的words:

（1）Terminology（术语）

（2）Jargon（行话）（3）slang（俚语）（4）Argot（暗语）（5）Dialectalwords（方言）（6）Archaisms（古语）（7）Neologisms（新词语）:

Neologismsmeansnewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings、（email）

Contentwords/notionalwords实词（cloud,runwalk,never,five,frequently）andfunctionalwords/emptywords虚词（on,of,and,be,but）

NativeWordsandBorrowedWords

Nativewords（本族语词）:

knownasAnglo-Saxonwords（50,000-60,000）,arewordsbroughttoBritaininthe5thcenturybytheGermanictribes、（mainstreamofthebasicword-stocks）、Twootherfeatures:

（1）neutralinstyle

（2）frequentinuse

Borrowedwords/Loanwords（外来语词）:

wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguages、（80%ofmodernEV）

4Typesofloanwords:

1）denizens（同化词）:

（shirtfromskyrta（ON））

2）aliens（非同化词/外来词）:

areborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling（kowtow（CH）磕头）

3）translationloans（译借词）:

按其她语言方式组成英语longtimenosee（fromChina）

4）semanticloans（借义词）:

theyarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform,buttheirmeaningsareborrowed

Chapter2thedevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary

TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily（印欧语系）

TheEightGroupsinIndo-EuropeanFamilyofLanguages（8大印欧语群）

TheEasternset:

（1）TheBalto-slavicGroup（波罗的-斯拉夫语族）:

Russian,Bulgarian,Polish,Czechetc、

（2）TheIndo-IranianGroup（印度-伊朗语族）:

Hindi,Bengali,Persianetc、

（3）TheArmenianGroup（亚美尼亚语族）:

Armenian、

（4）TheAlbanianGroup（阿尔巴尼亚语族）:

Albanian、

TheWesternset:

（5）TheHellenicGroup（古希腊语族）:

Greek、

（6）TheItalianGroup（意大利语族）:

Latin,Romancelanguages（French,Italian,Spanish,portuguese,Romanian）etc、

（7）TheCelticGroup（凯尔特语族）:

Irish,Welsh,Bretonetc、

（8）TheGermanicGroup（日耳曼语族）:

Flemish,German,Dutch,Scandinavian（Norweigian,Swedish,Danish,Icelandic）etc、

TheThreeStagesofDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary:

1OldEnglish（450-1100）（vocabulary50,000to60,000）:

wasIhighinflectedlanguage、

2MiddleEnglish（1150-1500）:

retainesmuchfewerinflections

3ModernEnglish（1500-uptonow