专八真题点评王长喜.docx
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专八真题点评王长喜
PAR卫LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE
左栏
WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?
I.Introduction
A.Differencesbetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory
Focus
generalhistory:
⑴politics,economics,war
arthistory:
politicalvalues,emotions,everydaylife,etc.
B.Significaneeofstudy
Moreinformationandbetterunderstandingofhumansocietyandcivilization.n.?
Typesofinformation
A.Informationinhistorybookis
(2)objective
facts,butnoopinions.
B.Informationinarthistoryissubjective
(3)personal_emotions_andopinions
e.g.—Spanishpainters'works:
misuseofgovernmentalpower—Mexicanartists'works:
attitudestowardssocialproblems川.Artasareflectionofreligiousbeliefs
A.Europe:
(4)biblical_stories_in_picturesinchurches
B.MiddleEast:
picturesofflowersandpatternsinmosques,palaces
Reason:
humanand(5)animal_images_are_notseenasholy
C.AfricaandthePacificIslands:
Masks,headdressesandcostumesinspecialceremonies
Purpose:
toseekthehelpof(6)Godstoprotectcrops,animalsandpeopleIV.PerceptionsofArt
Howpeopleseeartisrelatedtotheirculturalbackground
A.EuropeansandAmericans
—(7)decoration—
—expressionofideas
B.Peopleinotherplaces
—partofeverydaylife
—(8)practicaluse
V.Artasareflectionofsocialchanges
A.Causeofchanges:
(9)influence/interactionofdifferentcultures
B.Changes
—tribalpeople:
effectsof(10)urbanization_on_art_forms
—Europeanartists:
influeneeofAfricantraditionalartintheirworks
—AmericanandCanadianartists:
studyofJapanesepainting.中间一
Goodmorning,today'slectureistheveryfirstofaseriesoflecturesonarthistory,soI'dliketospendsometimediscussingwithyouthefollowingtopic:
Whydoweneedtostudyarthistory?
Andwhatcanwelearnfromit?
Firstofall,I'dsay,ifyoustudyarthistory,thismightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanit'spossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Youknow,
(1)mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economicsandwar,butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthis.Becauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsotheirreligiousbeliefs,emotionsetc.
Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestorscanbeprovided
byart,likewhatpeopledidforaliving,whatkindofdresstheywore,whatceremoniestheyheldetc.Inshort,artcanexpresstheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andthestudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthan
canbefoundinmosthistorybooksandenablesustolearnmorethingsabouthumansocietyandcivilization.
ThesecondpointI'dliketomakeisaboutthetypeofinformation.
(2)1nhistorybooks,informationisobjective,thatis,factsaboutpoliticaleconomiclifeofacountryaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective.(3)Itreflectspersonalemotionsandopinions.Forexample,FranciscoGoyawasagreatSpanishpainterandalsoperhapsthefirsttrulypoliticalartist.Inhisfamouspainting,TheThirdofMay1808,heshowedsoldiersshootingagroupofsimplepeople.Hisdescriptionofsoldiersandtheirvictimshasbecomeasymbol
oftheenormouspowerorthemisuseofthispowerthatthegovernmentcanhaveoveritspeople.Over100yearslater,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofMexicanartistsdepictedtheirdeepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Insummary,throughartyoucanfindapersonalandemotionalviewofhistory.
Thirdly,artcanreflectaculture'sreligiousbeliefs.Forhundredsof
yearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.(4)ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatshowedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.(5)Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis),itsabseneeofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthattheseimagesareunholy.Thus,onpalaces,mosquesandotherbuildings,Islamicartistshavecreateduniquedecorationofgreat
beautywithimagesofflowersofgeometricforms,forexample,circles,squaresandtriangles.Thesameistrueofotherplaces,likeAfricaandPacificIslands.Artalsoreflectsthereligiousbeliefsoftraditionalculturesintheseplaces.Asamatteroffact,religionisthepurposeforthisartandit's,therefore,absolutelyessentialtoit.TraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIslandsisdifferentfrom
Christianart.Christianartinfluencespeople'sreligiousfeelingstowardsGod.
(6)ButthegoaloftraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIslandsistheinfluenceofspiritualpowers,thatisgodstoenterpeople'slives.Eachtribeorvillage
therehadspecialceremonieswithsongsanddancestomakesurethat