北语15秋《阅读IV》作业4100分答案文档格式.docx
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1.Americansarepoundoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?
Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform?
Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.Question:
Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms____.
A.areusuallyhelpful
B.havelittleornoindividualfreedom
C.tendtolosetheirindividuality
D.enjoygreaterpopularity
————选择:
C
2.Afterthisfirstburstofcreativeenergy,theAmericanswentalong,NorthandSouth,foraboutacenturywithlittlechangeintheirnaming-habits.BiblicalnamescontinuedtogivecolorinNewEngland,butelsewhereitwasparticularlytruewithwomen'
snames,inthemiddleandsoutherncolonies,andtheexcessiveuseofElizabeth,Ann,Mary,andSarahwasonlysavedbythealsoliberaluseofvariationssuchasBetsy,Sally,Nanny,Nancy,andMolly.ThegreatGermanimmigrationoftheearlyeighteenthcenturyhadsomeinfluence.Johann,oftenshortenedtoHans,wasbyfarthecommonestnameamongtheseGermans,withJocobandHeinrichfollowing.ExceptwherepeoplecontinuedtotalkGerman,thesenameswererapidlyAnglicized,andsoincreasedthepopularityofJohn,Jocob,andHenry.TheScotch-IrishimmigrationalsoexertedaninfluencebybuildingupthealreadypopularJames,andaddingAlexanderandArchibald.About1740theuseofmiddlenamesbegantogrow.ProbablytheGermanshadsomeinfluencehere,fortheygenerally,evenasimmigrants,boretwogivennames,ofwhichthefirstwasusuallyJohann.Anotherstronginfluencewasfamilypride,whichledtothedesiretopreservethemother'
sfamilyname.Purelypractical,asthetownsgrewlarger,wastheneedtodistinguishamanmoreclearlyfromothersbearingthesamenames.Oncestarted,thecustomgrewsteadilytopopularityuntilby1850themanwithoutamiddlenamewasinasmallminority,ashehassinceremained.TheuseofthemiddlenamesoonproducedanothertypicalAmericanhabit.Sincethefullsignatureofthreenameswastoolongforpracticalpurposes,menbegantousemerelythemiddleinitial,andeventuallythetypicalAmericanwasJohnQ.Public.InEngland,ontheotherhand,suchaformisnotused.AnEnglishmanhastobeJ.Q.Public,J.QincyPublic,orJohnQuicyPublic.Question:
WhichofthefollowingisNOTanEnglishman'
sname?
A.ThomasJ.White
B.ThomasJohnWhite
C.T.J.White
D.T.JohnWhite
正确答案
:
A
3.Leavemealone;
mindyourown____.
A.events
B.affairs
C.things
D.matters
B
4.Americansarepoundoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?
Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveon