奈达翻译理论研究英文笔记.docx
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翻译硕士初试-认准@姚洋MTI复试-还是认准@姚洋
奈达翻译理论研究
AStudyonNida’sTranslationTheory
EnglishAbstract
ThisbookmakesasystematicresearchonNida’stranslationtheory,clarifysomemisunderstandingsconcerninghistheory,discloseitstruenatureandexploreitsvalidityandlimitationsinliterarytranslations.ExamplesfromToday’sEnglishVersionandToday’sChineseVersionoftheBible,whichweretranslated,followingNida’stranslationtheory,demonstratethatNida’stheory,contrarytosomepopularwrongassumptions,isapplicabletotranslationpracticebetweenforeignlanguagesandChinese.AcomparativestudyofNida’stheoryandJinDi’stheoryismadetorevealthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwotheories,andthereasonsfortheirdiscrepanciesarealsoexplored.ExamplesfromJin’sChinesetranslationofUlyssesareexaminedagainsttheprincipleof“equivalenteffect”.ThisbookalsoexploresthelimitationsofNida’stheoryinliterarytranslation,pointingoutthathistheoryfailstoaddresstheissueoftransferenceofaestheticvaluesofliteraryworkintoanotherlanguage.AttemptshavebeenmadetoamendNida’stheoryinrespectoftransferringaestheticvaluesofliteraryworkbymeansof“formalaestheticmarkers”and“non-formalaestheticmarkers”,withaimofmarkingitmoresuitableforliterarytranslationbetweenChineseandEnglish.
CHAPTERONE Introduction
1.1ReasonsforfurtherresearchonNida’stranslationtheory
Hisworksontranslationsetoffthestudyofmoderntranslationasanacademicfield(Snell—Hornby,Heylen,Baker)
BeforehistheorywasintroducedintoChinainthe1980s,peoplemainlyfocusedattentionontraditionalChinesetheories,especiallyYanFu’sthree—characterprincipleoftranslation:
faithfulness,smoothnessandelegance.
SinceNida’stheorywasgroundedsolidlyoncontemporarydevelopmentsoflinguistics,communicationtheory,informationtheory,semioticsandanthropology,Chinesetranslationscholarstookgreatinterestinhistheory.
ChangNamfungsummarizes4kindsofmisunderstandingsregardingNida’stheoryinChina:
1)“Dynamicequivalence”isonlyanidealtranslationctiterion
2)Nida’stheoryisunfittoguidetranslationpracticebetweenChineseandEnglishbecauseitgrowsoutoftranslationexperienceamongIndo—Europeanlanguage
3)Nida’stakes“reader’sresponse”asatranslationcriterioninevaluatingtranslation
4)Nidadoesn’trespecttheculturalfactorsinthesourcelanguageandhismaintenanceofcompletenaturalizationintranslatingisakindofculturalhegemonism.
Theterm“equivalence”inNida’stheorynevermeans“identical”,butonly“substantiallythesame”.
“dynamicequivalence”isfoundedoninformationtheory,andishasondirectrelationshipwith“receptionaesthetics”or“reader-responsetheory”atall.
Nida’sdiscussionaboutkernelsanddeepstructuresisbasedonsemanticlevelwhileChomskyfocusesonsyntacticallevel.
Nida’s“scienceoftranslation”istotallydifferentfromthedebatesofthedebateofwhether“translationisascienceoranart”occurringamongsomeChinesescholars.WhenNidatalksabout“scienceoftranslation”,whathemeansisthathetendsto“dealwiththeprocessoftranslationinascientificmanner”,drawingonthetheoriesoflinguistics,informationandcommunication,etc.
1.2AprofileofNida
1.2.3Hisacademiccontributionstomodernlinguisticsandtranslation
EricM.North,theformerGeneralSecretaryoftheAmericanBibleSocietyoftheAmericanBiblesociety,dividesNida’sacademicactivityinto4phasesonhiswritingsinchronologicalorder:
1)thephaseofdescriptivelinguistics,1943—1951
2)thephaseofcross—culturalcommunication.1952—1960
3)thetranslationphase,1961—1973
4)thesemanticphase,1974—
MessageandMissionwasthemostsignificantbookofthesecondphase.GentzlersuggestedthatitwasinthisbookthatNidafirstoutlinedhistranslationtheory.Thisbookmarkedthebeginningofthethirdphase.
Inthethirdphase,inthebook,TowardaScienceofTranslating,Nidafirstadvancedthepropositionof“dynamicequivalence”,andthethree-stagemodelofthetranslationprocess:
“analysis,transferandrestructuring”.ItiscommonlyagreedthatTowardaScienceofTranslatingbestsummarizesthevariousaspectsofhistranslationtheory.
ForNida,translatingmeanstranslatingmeaning.
ThemostrepresentativebookofthisphasewasFromOneLanguagetoAnother.Inthisbook,Nidanotonlyfurtherexploredtheissuesofmeaningofadoptingasociosemioticsapproach,butsubstituted“functionalequivalence”for“dynamicequivalence”justtoavoidunnecessarymisunderstandings.
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1.3AsurveyofNida’stranslationtheory
WewillreviewNida’stranslationtheoryfromtwoimportantaspects:
1)thescientificstudyoftranslating
2)theprincipleof“dynamicequivale