大学英语3期末考精彩试题 阅读题题库急加DA AN.docx

大学英语3期末考精彩试题 阅读题题库急加DA AN.docx

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大学英语3期末考精彩试题阅读题题库急加DAAN

大学英语3期末考精彩试题,阅读题题库急加DAAN

第一次

Whydosmokerstendtoweighlessthannonsmokersandgainweightwhentheygiveupthehabit?

Contraryto“commonknowledge”,nonsmokersdonotgenerallyeatmorethansmokers,nordotheyexerciseless,studiesfind.Researchperformedonsmokersatrestindicatesthatnicotine（尼古丁）itselfcanincreasebasalmetabolic（新陈代谢的）rates,meaningsmokersburnmoreenergythannonsmokersduringperiodsofinactivity.Butsurveyssuggestmostsmokerssmokenotwhilecompletelyatrest,butwhileperforminglightactivitiessuchasdeskworkthatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.Unlessnicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywithmetabolicrates,itsinfluenceonweightmightbeinsignificant.

Nowastudyshowsthatnicotine’seffectsonbody-fuelconsumptionindeedincreaseproportionallywithincreasesinactivity.“Theseresultsindicatethatthemetaboliceffectofnicotinemayplayagreaterpartinaccountingforbody-weightdifferencesbetweensmokersandnonsmokersthanwaspreviouslybelieved,”saysKennethA.PerkinsandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine.

Theresearchersgaveanicotinenosespraytoindividualsperforminglightwork—inthiscaseridinganexercisebicyclemodifiedtoalloweasyridingwhilesubjectsremainseatedinacomfortablearmchair.Theactivityraisedrestingmetabolicratestwotothreetimes.

Byanalyzingairbreathedout,theresearcherscalculatedenergyconsumptioninthearmchairbicyclistsbeforeandaftergivingthenosesprayandcomparedtherelativechangeswithsubjectsinthecontrolgroupgivenplacebo（（试验药物用的）无效对照剂）nosesprays.Relativetotheirbaselinebicycleexpenditures,individualsinthenicotinegroupexpendedconsiderablymoreenergythandidthoseincontrolgroupwhiledoingthesameamountofwork.Withnicotine,Perkinssays,“It’sasifthebodyisbecomingmuchlessefficientinusingitsstoredenergy.”

Whiletheresultsmayseemdiscouragingtosmokerswho’dliketoquitwithoutgainingweight,Perkinsnotesthatwalkinganextramileadayshouldmakeupforthedifferenceinmetabolicefficiency.Andhesayssmokerswouldhavetogain“wellmorethan50pounds”tocounterbalancethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.

1.Whatmight“commonknowledge”sayaboutsmokersandnonsmokers?

A） Smokerseatmoreandexercisemorethannonsmokers.

B） Smokerseatlessandexerciselessthannonsmokers.

C） Smokerseatlessandexercisemorethannonsmokers.√

D） Smokerseatmoreandexerciselessthannonsmokers.

答案：

C

2.Whenmightnicotineinfluencesmokers’weightsignificantly?

A） WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsandmetabolicratesincreaseatthesamerate.√

B） Whilesmokersareexercising.

C） Whilesmokersareatrest.

D） WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywiththeamountoflightactivities.

答案：

A

3.Theword“subjects”inthefourthparagraphmeans.

A） peopleundermedicaltreatment

B） researchers

C） peopleundergoinganexperiment√

D） addictedsmokers

答案：

C

4.Whathavetheresearchersfoundoutintheirstudy?

A） Peopleinthearmchairexpendedmoreenergythanpeopledoingdeskwork.

B） Peopleinthecontrolgroupbreathedoutmoreair.

C） Peoplewithoutnicotinenosesprayarebecomingmuchlessefficientinusingenergy.

D） Peopleinthenicotinegroupconsumedmoreenergy.√

答案：

D

5.Whydothestudyresultsseemdiscouragingtosomesmokersaccordingtothepassage?

A） Becausetheywanttogainweighttotacklethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.

B） Becausetheywanttoquitsmokingandstillkeepfit.√

C） Becausetheywanttowalkinganextramileadaytolosesomeweight.

D） Becausetheywanttokeepfitwithouthavingtoquitsmoking.

答案：

B

AcertainamountofcontroversyhasbeencausedbythepublicationofanewreportbyateamofeducationalistsheadedbyPro.B.J.Smith.Thereportclaimstohavestatisticalevidencethatchildrenwhoattendanumberofdifferentschoolsthroughtheirparentshavingtomovearoundthecountryaremorethannormallyvulnerabletoaviciouscycleoflowacademicachievement.Therearealsoindications,saysProfessorSmith,ofanunusuallyhighrateofpsychologicaldismayamongsuchchildren.

Theprofessor,whohaslongsuspectedthattheeffectonchildrenwhoseparentstraveltodifferentpartsofthecountryinsearchofworkhasnotbeensufficientlyresearched,stressesthatthisisnotmerelyanexpressionofprejudice.“Wearenotdealingherewithopinions,”hesays,“It’strue,mypersonalfeelingisthatforchildren’swell-being,theyshouldstayinoneschool.However,ourfindingsarebasedonresearchandnotonanypersonalattitudesthatIormycolleaguesmayhaveonthesubject.”

Capt.ThomasMull