初中语法专题讲解及练习被动语态有答案.docx
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被动语态
学习内容
一、基本概念
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态有两种:
主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。
二、基本分类(使用被动语态的情况)
不知道:
Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
没必要:
Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
需强调:
Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
过去分词表被动,是被动语态的标志。
被动被动be在动:
反映时态变化
三、用法详解
1、构成:
be+动词过去分词
be+done
am/is/are
was/were
am/is/are+being
done
was/were+being
will/begoingto+be
have/has/had+been
can/must/may/needbe
tobe
时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/aredone
Wecleantheclassroom.
Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.
一般过去时
did
was/weredone
Hemadethekite.
Thekitewasmadebyhim.
一般将来时
will/shall/begoingtodo
will/shall/begoingtobedone
Theywillplattreestomorrow.
Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.
现在完成时
have/hasdone
have/hasbeendone
Jimhasfinishedthework.
TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.
情态动词
can/may/mustdo
can/may/mustbedone
Icanfindhim.
Hecanbefoundbyme.
2、解题步骤
1)第一步:
判断正确的被动结构:
be+done
2)第二步:
根据时间状语判断时态,选出正确答案。
【小试牛刀】
1.Today,computersarereallyhelpful.They____everywhere.
A.use B.areused C.used D.wereused
2.Manyaccidents________bycarelessdriverslastyears.
A.arecaused B.werecaused C.havecaused D.willcause
3.Theroad_____________lastyear.
A.builds B.built C.wasbuilt D.isbuilt
答案:
BBC
3、五项注意
1)不及物动词无被动语态:
无宾语何来被动
Whatwillhappenin100years.
Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.
2)变被动还原to:
四看三使两听一感觉★
Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→
Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.
Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→
Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.
3)双宾变被动:
直宾(物)作主语需加介词
Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.
Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.
4)短语是整体:
勿忘介词或副词
Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.
Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.
5)复合宾语变被动:
宾语变主语,宾补成主补
IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.→
Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom.
4、主动表被动
1)need,want,require(要求,需要)/deserve(应得,值得),beworth值得)
①Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。
②Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。
③Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
④Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).你的头发该剪了。
2)感官系动词:
look,sound,taste,feel,smell
①Uniformslookuglyonus.我们穿着制服很难看。
②Mooncakestastedelicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。
3)sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook,break,catch,drive,lock,open等词作不及物动词时,主语为物。
它们被用来描述主语特征,通常与well,easily等副词连用。
①Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
②Thiskindofskirtsellswellhere.这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。
③Thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布料很容易清洗。
综合题库
1.Themountain__________withsnowallyearround,soit’shardtoclimbit.
A.covered B.wascovered C.iscovered D.covers
2.Look!
Wecan'tcrossthebridge.It_________bysomeworkers.
A.repairs B.isrepaired C.isbeingrepaired D.isrepairing
3.Wastepaper__________everywhere.It’sourdutytokeeptheschoolclean.
A.throwsB.arethrown C.shouldn’tbethrownD.shouldbethrown
4.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Thatmeans,he_______work14hoursaday.
A.wasmadeB.made C.wasmaking D.wasmadeto
5.—Haveyoufinishedyourfashiondesign?
—Notyet.I’llfinishitifI________tenmoreminutes.
A.amgivenB.give C.willgive D.willbegiven
6.Thesickgirl____tohospitalbyhermotheryesterday.
A.istaken B.takes C.took D.wastaken
7.Manyaccidents_________bycarelessdriverslastyear.
A.arecaused B.werecausedC.havecaused D.willcause
8.Drivingafterdrinkingwine___________inChina.
A.allows B.doesn'tallow C.isallowed D.isn'tallowed
9.Softdrinks_______tochildrenforfreeinsomerestaurantsonChildren'sDay.
A. offer B.haveoffered C.areoffered D.willbeoffered
10.InmanyplacesinChina,theoldover90notonlybytheirfamilybutalsobythegovernment.
A.istakinggoodcareB.aretakengoodcareof
C.istakinggoodcareofD.aretakengoodcare
11.----DidyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty?
----No,I ______ .
A.haven’tinvited B.didn’tinvite C.amnotinvited D.wasn’tinvited
12.Atlasttheboywasmade