祈使句的直接引语变间接引语Word文档下载推荐.docx
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例如:
①Shesaidtous,“Pleasehavearest.”→Sheaskedustohavearest.
②Theoldmansaid,“Don'
tsmokeinthehall.”→Theoldmantoldmenottosmokeinthehall.
③Theofficersaid,“Goaway.”→Theofficerorderedustogoaway.
注意:
当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时,因为祈使句表示“请求”、“命令”等口气,所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。
但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。
Oneofthedoctorssaid,“Letmegoonwiththeoperation,Dr.Bethune.”→OneofthedoctorsaskedDr.Bethunetolethimgoonwiththeoperation.
不知道同学们注意到没有,该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr.Bethune,一般把它当作宾语用。
再如:
“Goandwashyourface,Tom,”Mothersaid.→MothertoldTomtogoandwashhisface.
顺便提一下,祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。
WeiFangaskedhimtogiveittoher.→“Giveittome,please,”WeiFangsaidtohim.
只要同学们认真记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构,相信同学们一定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语。
小试牛刀:
A)变下列直接引语为间接引语。
1.“Stoptalking!
”themonitorsaidtotheclass.
____________________________________
2.“Repeatitthreetimes,”theteachersaidtoher.
3.“Willyoubuysomebreadforme?
”hesaidtoher.
4.“Don'
ttakeoffyourcoat,”shesaidtohersister.
5.“Stayhere!
”theofficersaidtothesoldier.
B)填空完成间接引语,每空一词。
6.“Don'
tforgettogivethemessagetomywife,”hesaidtoLiPing.
He_______
LiPing_______
_______
forgettogivethemessageto_______
wife.
7.“Mum,pleasehelpmefindmyshirt,”hesaid.
hismother_______
help
_______
find_______
shirt.
8.“Useyourknifetocutthebootsopen,”theofficersaidtotheguard.
Theofficer_______
theguard
knifetocutthebootsopen.
9.“Don'
tspendtoomuchtimeonfootball!
”Mothersaidtome.
Mother_______
me
toomuchtimeonfootball.
10.“Willyousleepandgetupearly,children?
”Fathersaid.
Father_______
thechildren_______
and_______
upearly.
C)单项选择。
11.“Don'
tworryaboutme,”she_______
hersister.
A.saidtoB.referredtoC.thankedtoD.spoke
12.“_______
helpmewithmyEnglish?
”shesaid.
A.ShallweB.DoyouC.CouldyouD.Mightyou
13.Shetoldme_______
anoiseinthehall.
A.don'
tmakeB.nottomakeC.makenottoD.tomakenot
14.Martin_______
hisdogtoliedownunderthebigtree.
A.madeB.hadC.promisedD.ordered
15.Hisfatheraskedtheboy,“_______
aredoingthisfor?
”
A.What;
youB.Which;
you
C.Where;
weD.Why;
we
Key:
A)1.Themonitortoldtheclasstostoptalking.2.Theteacheraskedhertorepeatitthreetimes.3.Heaskedhertobuysomebreadforhim.4.Sheaskedhersisternottotakeoffhercoat.5.Theofficerorderedthesoldiertostaythere.
B)6.told;
notto;
his7.asked;
to;
him;
his8.ordered;
tousehis9.told;
nottospend10.asked;
tosleep;
get
C)11—15ACBDA
DIRECTSPEECHANDINDIRECTSPEECH
直接引语与间接引语
(1)引述别人的原话称为直接引语,用自己的话转述别人的话,称为间接引语。
它们都是复合句中的宾语从句。
直接引语要放在引号内,不用连词连接;
间接引语不用引号,通常用连词连接于主句。
转换时应注意:
A.引用的原话是陈述句,改为间接引语时,通常用连词that引导宾语从句,还要根据意思适当改变人称,时态以及时间状语,地点状语等。
当主语的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中的动词时态不变;
当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,则宾语从句中的动词时态应作相应的改变。
时态的改变
时态的改变
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
can,may,must
could,might,hadto
动词,指示代词,状语的改变(略)
(2)引述的是疑问句时,变为间接引语时,一般疑问句用whether或if来引导,选择疑问句只能用whether,特殊疑问句用原来的疑问词。
不论一般或特殊疑问句,变间接引语时,通常按原陈述句的语序,即把动词放在主语的后面。
“Areyoufeelingbettertoday?
”thedoctoraskedmysister.
Thedoctoraskedmysisterifshewasfeelingbetterthatday?
“Isthisbookyoursorhis?
”Sheaskedme.
Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.(只能用whether)
Heaskedme,“Whydidn’tyoucomehereyesterday?
”
HeaskedmewhyIhadn’tgonetherethedaybefore.
(3)引用的原句如果是祈使句,变为间接引语时,句字的谓语动词要用含有祈使意义的动词如tell,ask,order(命令)。
引语的动词要改为不定式。
如果祈使句是否定形式,在动词不定式前加not.
Hesaidtome,“Tellmesomethingaboutthefilm.”
Heaskedmetotellhimsomethingaboutthefilm.
Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’topenyourbooks.”
Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoopentheirbooks.