桥梁工程专业毕业论文外文翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

桥梁工程专业毕业论文外文翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

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桥梁工程专业毕业论文外文翻译@#@外文翻译@#@Quickfix:

@#@replacementofanoldwoodenbridgein@#@StPetersburgwascompletedearlierthisyear.@#@Risingtrafficlevelsanddevelopmentdemandsledtoanoldtramwaybridgebeingrebuiltasacable-stayedcrossingintheRussiancityofStPetersburg.ThenewLazarevskyBridgeacrosstheMalayaNevkawasopenedtotrafficearlierthisyear,replacinganoldwoodenstructurewhichwasbuiltfortramsbutrecentlyhadonlybeenusedbypedestrians.@#@ThebridgeislocatedinPetrograddistrictandconnectsKrestovskyandPetrogradskyIslandsalongPionerskayaandSportivnayaStreets,bothofwhichareimportanatlinksforlocaltraffic.Whenitwasbuiltin1949,thecrossingwascalledtheKoltovskyBridge,aftertheadjacentMalayaNevkariverembankment.Butin1952,itwasrenamedtocommemoratethelegendaryRussianadmiralMikhailLazarev.TheembankmentandthebridgewereredesignatedtheAdmiralLazarevEmbankmentandLazarevskyBridgerespectively.@#@BuilttothedesignofengineerVVBlazhevich,theoriginalbridgehad11spans,thecentralonebeingasingle-leafdrawspan.Itwasoriginallydesignedfortramsandwastheonlytramwaybridgeinthecityatthattime.Itstotallengthwas141manditswidthwas11m,thedeckconsistingofmetalbaulksandwoodenplankflooring.Thetimberpostpiersrestedonpiledfoundationsofsteelpipes.Butin2002thetramwaywasclosedandsincethen,thebridgehasonlybeenusedbypedestrians.@#@ItslocationmeantthatLazarevskyBridgeservedthewesternpartofthecity--thePetrograddistrictsincludingKrestovskyisland.AlltheroadtraffictoKrestovskyislandusedthemainKrestovskyBridgewhichasaconsequencewasconsiderablyoverloaded.SincetheLazarevskyBridgecarriednovehiculartrafficitwasnotconsideredpartoftheroadnetworkofthedistrict.ButplanstobuildanewstadiumattheSeasideVictoryParkonKrestovskyIslandjust3kmfromthebridgesitemeantthatareliabletransportconnectiontotherestofthecitywasrequired.ThelocalauthoritydecidedthatreconstructionoftheLazarevskyBridgewasthebestwaytoprovidethis.@#@Thesizeofnewbridgewasdeterminedbasedonthepredictedtrafficlevels,takingintoaccounttheprospectivedevelopmentofthedistrict.Accordingtotheforecast,theannualaveragedailytrafficintensityonLazarevskyBridgewillriseto16,000vehiclesperdayby2025.Peakloadsoccurduringmajorsportingeventsatthestadiumwhenthebridgewillberequiredtohelprelievetheareaoftrafficwithinonehour.Thistrafficflowincludes4,500to5,000cars,soevenifthePetrovskyBridgeweretoberebuilt,theLazarevskyBridgeneededtwolanesoftrafficinbothdirectionsinordertodothis.@#@Takingintoconsiderationthefactthatthetimberstructuresofthebridgehadbeeninuseformorethan55years,ifthebridgereconstructionhadbeenrestrictedtothewideningandstrengtheningoftheexistingsuperstructureandpiers,itwouldnothaveensuredthelongevityofthefixedbridgeandmighthaveledtohighoperationcosts.Anotherconsiderationwasthattheappearanceofamulti-spanstructurewithbulkypierswouldnothavefittedintothearchitecturalstylethatisemergingwithconstructionofmodernbuildingsonKrestovskyIslandandtheadjacentembankments.@#@Asaresult,thedecisionwastakentocompletelydemolishtheexistingbridgeandreplaceitwithanewstructureonthesamealignment.Aspartoftheproject,someofSportivnayaStreetontherightbankhadtobewidened,andimprovementoftheadjacentareawasalsoincluded.@#@Thehistoryoftheprojectdatesbackmorethanadecadeto1998,whenJSCInstituteStrojproectwonthetendertocarryoutafeasibilitystudyintothereconstructionofLazarevskyBridgeanditsapproaches.@#@Evenatthistime,thearchitectIgorSerebrennikovhaddevelopedanoriginalarchitecturalconceptofthebridgewhichinvolveduseofacable-stayedsystem.Thisconceptwasapprovedbythecity'@#@scommitteefordevelopmentbutfinancialproblemsmeantthatthedesignwassuspendedforsevenyearsbeforeitresumed.@#@In2003,theprojectwasincludedinthetargetprogrammeofdesignandsurveyworks,andthetenderfordesigndevelopmentwasofficiallyannounced.AgaintheseworkswereawardedtoJSCInstituteStrojproect.Thereconstructiondesignwascompletedin2007andwasreceivedpositivelybytheStateExpertReviewBoard;@#@constructionbeganattheendofthatyear.@#@Thestructuralconceptofthebridgewasapprovedbasedonthecomparisonoftechnicalandeconomicaloptions.Oneofthemainrestrictionswasthestrictlimitationonthesuperstructureconstructiondepth.Ontheonehand,itwaslimitedbytheneedtomaintainunderbridgeclearancefornavigation,whileontheotherhandthedecklevelwasgovernedbytheheightofAdmiralLazarevEmbankment,whichcouldnotberaised,ac